{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T06:32:39Z","timestamp":1792737159127,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Background and Purpose<\/jats:italic>\n            Cross-clamping of the thoracic aorta results in spinal cord ischemia and prominent systemic hypertension. Using a rat model of transient spinal cord ischemia, we examined the effects of manipulation of proximal aortic blood pressure on spinal cord blood flow (SCBF), neurological dysfunction, and changes in spinal histopathology after increasing intervals of aortic occlusion.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n            Aortic occlusion was induced by the inflation of a 2F Fogarty catheter placed into the thoracic aorta in rats anesthetized with halothane (1.5%). A tail artery was cannulated to monitor distal arterial pressure (DAP). To measure SCBF, a laser probe was implanted into the epidural space of the L-2 vertebra. To manipulate proximal arterial pressure (PAP), the left carotid artery was cannulated with a 20-gauge polytetrafluoroethylene catheter to permit blood withdrawal and infusion from a peripheral reservoir during aortic occlusion. In a survey study, spinal cord ischemia was induced in single animals at intervals of 6, 10, 15, 30, or 40 minutes with PAP controlled at 40, 60, 80, and 110 to 120 mm\u2009Hg. In a second series, ischemia was induced in groups of animals for 0, 6, 8, 10, and 12 minutes with PAP controlled at 40 mm\u2009Hg. After ischemia the animals survived for 2 to 3 days. During this recovery period, neurological functions were evaluated, followed by quantitative histopathology of the spinal cord.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n            Under normal conditions, cross-clamping yields an acute proximal hypertension (125 to 135 mm\u2009Hg), a fall of DAP to 15 to 22 mm\u2009Hg, and a decrease in SCBF to 7% to 11% of baseline values. With the use of the external reservoir, proximal hypertension could be abolished and the PAP maintained at target pressures. In these studies a typical syndrome of tactile allodynia, spastic paraplegia, and necrotic changes affecting the central part of the gray matter after 24 to 48 hours of reperfusion was observed at the following combinations of ischemic intervals and PAP values: &gt;10 minutes\/40 mm\u2009Hg; &gt;12 minutes\/60 mm\u2009Hg; &gt;16 minutes\/80 mm\u2009Hg; and &gt;30 minutes\/uncontrolled. Lowering PAP resulted in a corresponding decrease in residual SCBF. Systematic studies at a PAP of 40 mm\u2009Hg at occlusion intervals of 6, 8, 10, and 12 minutes revealed that 100% of rats were paraplegic after 10- and 12-minute ischemia, and these rats showed corresponding signs of spinal histopathology.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n            The present study shows that systemic intraischemic hypotension (40 mm\u2009Hg) significantly potentiates neurological dysfunction after transient aortic occlusion. The mechanism of the observed effect may include elimination of collateral flow during aortic occlusion and\/or consequent potentiation of hypoperfusion during reperfusion. These data indicate that PAP during occlusion should be monitored and\/or controlled because it is a critical variable in the determination of outcome in this model of spinal cord ischemia.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.27.10.1850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,17]],"date-time":"2011-06-17T20:08:03Z","timestamp":1308341283000},"page":"1850-1858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":152,"title":["Effect of Proximal Arterial Perfusion Pressure on Function, Spinal Cord Blood Flow, and Histopathologic Changes After Increasing Intervals of Aortic Occlusion in the Rat"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Taira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan (Y.T.), and Anesthesiology Research Laboratory, University of California, San Diego (M.M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Marsala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan (Y.T.), and Anesthesiology Research Laboratory, University of California, San Diego (M.M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(86)90072-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Gray H. Anatomy of the Human Body. 29th ed. Philadelphia Pa: Lea & Febiger; 1973:964-971."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0888-6296(90)90235-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4804(92)90131-I"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"93","volume":"54","year":"1970","unstructured":"Negrin J Jr. The hypothermostat: an instrument to obtain local hypothermia of the brain or spinal cord. Int Surg. 1970;54:93-106.","journal-title":"Int Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.11.2.7368250"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198607000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(94)90366-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4804(88)90177-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(83)90263-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1994.75"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1994.75"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(89)90377-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1992.113"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(89)90176-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","first-page":"1162","volume":"10","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kai Y, Owen JH, Allen BT, Dobras M, Davis C. Relationship between evoked potentials and clinical status in spinal cord ischemia. Spine. 1994;10:1162-1168.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00973755"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.18.4.3603601"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(92)91304-W"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","first-page":"95","volume":"161","year":"1988","unstructured":"Schievink WI, Luyendijk W, Los JA. Does the artery of Adamkiewicz exist in the albino rat? J Anat. 1988;161:95-101.","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","first-page":"802","volume":"12","year":"1994","unstructured":"Singh NC, Kochanek PM, Schiding J, Melick JA, Nemoto EM. Uncoupled cerebral blood flow and metabolism after severe global ischemia in rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1994;12:802-808.","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100039858"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","first-page":"H285","volume":"263","year":"1992","unstructured":"Lindsberg PJ, Jacobs TP, Frerichs KU, Hallenbeck JM, Feuerstein GZ. Laser-Doppler flowmetry in monitoring regulation of rapid microcirculatory changes in spinal cord. Am J Physiol.. 1992;263:H285-292.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bower TC Murray MJ Gloviczki P Yaksh TL Hollier LH Pairolero PC. Effects of thoracic aortic occlusion and cerebrospinal fluid drainage on regional spinal cord blood flow in dogs: correlation with neurologic outcome. J Vasc Surg. 1989;9:135-144.","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(89)90228-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(89)90206-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(91)90243-H"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jsre.1993.1103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1979.tb04551.x"}],"container-title":["Stroke"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/01.STR.27.10.1850","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T22:07:56Z","timestamp":1715551676000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/01.STR.27.10.1850"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,10]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/01.STR.27.10.1850"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.str.27.10.1850","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-2499","1524-4628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-2499","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1996-01-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1996-05-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1996-10-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}