{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T15:00:13Z","timestamp":1786374013039,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Background and Purpose<\/jats:italic>\n            Neurological injury after cerebral air embolism may be due to thromboinflammatory responses at sites of air-injured endothelium. Because heparin inhibits multiple thromboinflammatory processes, we hypothesized that heparin would decrease neurological impairment after cerebral air embolism.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n            To first establish a dose of air that would cause unequivocal neurological injury, anesthetized New Zealand White rabbits received either 0, 50, 100, or 150 \u03bcL\/kg of air into the internal carotid artery (n=5 in each group). One hour later, anesthesia was discontinued. Animals were neurologically evaluated at 24 hours with the use of a scale ranging from 0 (normal) to 97 (coma) points. In a subsequent experiment, anesthetized rabbits received either heparin (n=17) or saline (n=15) 5 minutes before air injection (150 \u03bcL\/kg). Heparin was given as a 200-IU\/kg bolus and followed by a constant infusion of 75 IU \u00b7 kg\n            <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n            \u00b7 h\n            <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n            for 2 hours. Equal volumes of saline were given to control rabbits. Two hours later, anesthesia was discontinued. Animals were neurologically evaluated 24 hours after air embolism.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n            There was a monotonic relationship between dose of air and severity of neurological impairment at 24 hours (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            =1.1\u00d710\n            <jats:sup>\u22127<\/jats:sup>\n            ). Animals receiving 150 \u03bcL\/kg of air were unequivocally injured (score, 60\u00b116). In the second experiment, heparin animals had significantly less neurological impairment at 24 hours (34\u00b114) than saline controls (52\u00b18) (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            =.0013).\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n            When given prophylactically, heparin decreases neurological impairment caused by severe cerebral arterial air embolism.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.27.2.303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,17]],"date-time":"2011-06-17T20:08:03Z","timestamp":1308341283000},"page":"303-310","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Heparin Reduces Neurological Impairment After Cerebral Arterial Air Embolism in the Rabbit"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Keon Hee","family":"Ryu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Anesthesiology, Catholic University Medical College, Kangnam Saint Mary\u2019s Hospital, Seoul, Korea (K.H.R.), and the Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa, College of Medicine, Iowa City."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley J.","family":"Hindman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Anesthesiology, Catholic University Medical College, Kangnam Saint Mary\u2019s Hospital, Seoul, Korea (K.H.R.), and the Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa, College of Medicine, Iowa City."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel K.","family":"Reasoner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Anesthesiology, Catholic University Medical College, Kangnam Saint Mary\u2019s Hospital, Seoul, Korea (K.H.R.), and the Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa, College of Medicine, Iowa City."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franklin","family":"Dexter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Anesthesiology, Catholic University Medical College, Kangnam Saint Mary\u2019s Hospital, Seoul, Korea (K.H.R.), and the Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa, College of Medicine, Iowa City."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","first-page":"403","volume":"19","year":"1992","unstructured":"McDermott JJ, Dutka AJ, Koller WA, Flynn ET. 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