{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T19:18:28Z","timestamp":1775243908282,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Background and Purpose<\/jats:italic>\n            Our aim was to analyze the role that C. Miller Fisher (C.M.F.) had in promoting an understanding of carotid artery disease (CAD). Although Chiari in 1905 and later Hunt, Moniz, and Hultquist, among others, described the association of CAD and stroke, this received little attention until C.M.F. published his clinicoanatomic correlations in \u201cOcclusion of the Carotid Arteries.\u201d Until then, some 55% of strokes were attributed to \u201cvasospasm.\u201d\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n            We analyzed articles (\u201cOcclusion of the Internal Carotid Artery,\u201d 1951; \u201cOcclusion of the Carotid Arteries,\u201d 1954; \u201cTransient Monocular Blindness Associated With Hemiplegia,\u201d 1952; \u201cThe Microembolic Theory of Transient Ischemic Attacks,\u201d 1976; \u201cA Clinico-pathologic Study of Carotid Endarterectomy Plaques,\u201d 1986) and conducted personal interviews with C.M.F.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n            During the 1950s, C.M.F. described the clinical implications of transient ischemic attacks and their relationship to CAD and stroke. The last sentence in the 1951 article read: \u201cUnexplained cerebral embolism may arise from thrombotic material lying in the carotid sinus.\u201d In the same article he also wrote that \u201cit is even conceivable that some day vascular surgery will find a way to by-pass the occluded portion of the artery during the period of ominous fleeting symptoms,\u201d heralding the future surgical treatment of carotid artery disease. C.M.F. called attention to the commonness of carotid disease, described transient monocular blindness, and studied the relationship between plaque pathology and clinical findings.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n            C.M.F.\u2019s clinicopathologic observations were a major factor in promoting recognition of the clinical features, stroke risk, and treatment of CAD.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.27.3.559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,17]],"date-time":"2011-06-17T20:08:03Z","timestamp":1308341283000},"page":"559-566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Dr C. Miller Fisher and the History of Carotid Artery Disease"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Conrado J.","family":"Estol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Instituto Cardiovascular de Buenos Aires (Argentina)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","first-page":"326","volume":"9","year":"1905","unstructured":"Chiari H. Ueber Verhalten des Teilung-swinkels der Carotis Communis bei der Endarteritis Chronica Deformans. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol. 1905;9:326.","journal-title":"Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-191405000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"72","volume":"2","year":"1927","unstructured":"Moniz E. L\u2019encephalographie arterielle, son importance dans la localisation des tumeurs cerebrales. Rev Neurol. 1927;2:72-90.","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"233","volume":"9","year":"1936","unstructured":"Sj\u00f8qvist O. Uber intrakranielle aneurysmen der arteria carotis und deren beziehung zur ophthalmoplegischen migrane. Nervenarzt. 1936;9:233-241.","journal-title":"Nervenarzt"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"977","volume":"45","year":"1937","unstructured":"Moniz E, Lima A, de Lacerda R. Par thrombose de la carotide interne. Presse Med. 1937;45:977.","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"92","volume":"10","year":"1951","unstructured":"Hultquist GT, Jena GF. Uber Thrombose und Embolie der Arteria Carotis und hierbei vorkommende Gehirnstorungen. Quoted in Fisher CM, Adams RD. Observations on brain embolism with special reference to the mechanism of hemorrhagic infarction. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1951;10:92-93. Abstract.","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1951.02320030083009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"20","volume":"16","year":"1991","unstructured":"Fields WS. The history of carotid endarterectomy. Rev Neurol Argent.. 1991;16:20-28.","journal-title":"Rev Neurol Argent."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"289","volume":"11","year":"1944","unstructured":"Krayenb\u00fchl H, Weber G. Die Thrombose der Arteria carotis interna und ihre Beziehung zur Endangiitis obliterans v. Winiwarter-Buerger. Helvet Med Acta. 1944;11:289-333.","journal-title":"Helvet Med Acta"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1954.02330020055006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.9.5.333"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1952.01700030174005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.39.12.1622"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199108153250701"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520420037035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","unstructured":"Robicsek F. The medical history of extracranial cerebrovascular disease. In: Robicsek F ed. Extracranial Cerebrovascular Disease. New York NY: Macmillian Publishing Co Inc; 1986:5-18."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"71","volume":"1","year":"1955","unstructured":"Carrea R, Molins M, Murphy G. Surgical treatment of spontaneous thrombosis of the internal carotid artery in the neck: carotid carotideal anastomosis. Acta Neurol Latinoamer. 1955;1:71-78.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Latinoamer"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(54)90544-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"409","volume":"73","year":"1947","unstructured":"dos Santos JC. Sur la desobstruction des thromboses art\u00e9rielles anciennes. Mem Acad Chir. 1947;73:409-411.","journal-title":"Mem Acad Chir"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1953.10.5.0474"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1975.03260100053020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1956.13.5.0500"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1951.8.6.0631"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faris AA Poser CM Wilmore DW Agnew CH. Radiologic visualization of neck vessels in healthy men. Neurology. 1963:386-396.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.13.5.386"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.3.6.468"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1941.tb11155.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","unstructured":"Wright IS Luckey EH. Transactions of the Conference on Cerebral Vascular Diseases January 1954. New York NY: Grune & Stratton; 1955:94."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","first-page":"314","volume":"69","year":"1953","unstructured":"Campbell MH. Basilar artery syndrome. Can Med Assoc J.. 1953;69:314-315.","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","first-page":"116","volume":"30","year":"1955","unstructured":"Millikan CH, Siekert RG, Shick RM. Studies in cerebrovascular disease, III: the use of anticoagulant drugs in the treatment of insufficiency or thrombosis within the basilar arterial system. Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin.. 1955;30:116-126.","journal-title":"Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.8.5.311"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fisher CM. Anticoagulant therapy in cerebral thrombosis and cerebral embolism: a national cooperative study interim report. Neurology (Minneap). 1961;4(part 2):119-131.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.11.4_Part_2.119"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","first-page":"1091","volume":"86","year":"1962","unstructured":"Fisher CM. Concerning recurrent transient cerebral ischemic attacks. Can Med Assoc J.. 1962;86:1091-1099.","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","unstructured":"Fisher CM. The microembolic theory of transient ischemic attacks. In: Scheinberg P ed. Proceedings of the 10th Princeton Conference for Cerebrovascular Diseases. New York NY: Raven Press Publishers; 1976:50-53."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","first-page":"573","volume":"142","year":"1986","unstructured":"Fisher CM, Ojemann RG. A clinico-pathologic study of carotid endarterectomy plaques. Rev Neurol (Paris).. 1986;142:573-589.","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)."}],"container-title":["Stroke"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/01.STR.27.3.559","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T22:02:46Z","timestamp":1715551366000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/01.STR.27.3.559"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,3]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/01.STR.27.3.559"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.str.27.3.559","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-2499","1524-4628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-2499","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1995-10-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1995-11-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1996-03-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}