{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T14:34:10Z","timestamp":1786718050965,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Background and Purpose<\/jats:italic>\n            Occlusion in cerebral vessels results in ischemic stroke and is followed by proliferation of microvessels, ie, angiogenesis. The process is particularly marked in the border zone of the infarct, known as the ischemic penumbra. This increase in vascularization is likely to be caused by the action of angiogenic factors, such as TGF-\u03b21, which is a powerful regulator of angiogenesis.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n            In this study we examined 10 brain samples from patients who suffered from ischemic stroke for the expression of mRNA encoding TGF-\u03b21.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n            The ischemic penumbra contained the highest levels of TGF-\u03b21 mRNA, whereas the normal contralateral hemispheres had the least (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt;.001, Mann-Whitney\n            <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n            test). Unlike those from normal brain, protein extracts from infarcted tissue contained active TGF-\u03b21 as a 25-kD band in Western blot analysis. Extracts from the penumbra also contained a 12.5-kD isoform of TGF-\u03b21. Both penumbra and infarct contained TGF-\u03b21 immunoreactive products as assessed with immunohistochemistry, whereas very weak staining was observed in the contralateral hemisphere.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n            These results suggest that TGF-\u03b21 is important in the pathogenesis of the angiogenic response in ischemic brain tissue and its modulation may be used for therapeutic purposes.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.27.5.852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,17]],"date-time":"2011-06-17T20:08:03Z","timestamp":1308341283000},"page":"852-857","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":228,"title":["Increased Expression of TGF-\u03b21 in Brain Tissue After Ischemic Stroke in Humans"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Jerzy","family":"Krupinski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Biological Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University (UK) (J. Krupinski, P.K.); the Department of Neuropathology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland (J. Krupinski, J. Kaluza); Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK (S.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pat","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Biological Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University (UK) (J. Krupinski, P.K.); the Department of Neuropathology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland (J. Krupinski, J. Kaluza); Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK (S.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shant","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Biological Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University (UK) (J. Krupinski, P.K.); the Department of Neuropathology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland (J. Krupinski, J. Kaluza); Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK (S.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jozef","family":"Kaluza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Biological Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University (UK) (J. Krupinski, P.K.); the Department of Neuropathology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland (J. Krupinski, J. 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