{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T07:29:37Z","timestamp":1792481377724,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Background and Purpose<\/jats:italic>\n            Elevated energy costs of hemiparetic gait contribute to functional disability after stroke, particularly in physically deconditioned older patients. We investigated the effects of 6 months of treadmill aerobic exercise training on the energy expenditure and cardiovascular demands of submaximal effort ambulation in stroke patients with chronic hemiparetic gait.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n            Nine older stroke patients with chronic hemiparetic gait were enrolled in a 6-month program of low-intensity aerobic exercise using a graded treadmill. Repeated measures of energy expenditure based on steady state oxygen consumption during a standardized 1-mph submaximal effort treadmill walking task were performed before and after training.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n            Six months of exercise training produced significant reductions in energy expenditure (n=9; 3.40\u00b10.27 versus 2.72\u00b10.25 kcal\/min [mean\u00b1SEM];\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt;.005) during a given submaximal effort treadmill walking task. Repeated measures analysis in the subset of patients (n=8) tested at baseline and after 3 and 6 months revealed that reductions in energy expenditure were progressive (F=11.1;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt;.02) and that exercise-mediated declines in both oxygen consumption (F=9.7;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt;.02) and respiratory exchange ratio (F=13.4;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt;.01) occurred in a strong linear pattern. These stroke patients could perform the same standardized submaximal exercise task at progressively lower heart rates after 3 months (96\u00b14 versus 87\u00b14 beats per minute) and 6 months of training (82\u00b14 beats per minute; F=35.4;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt;.002).\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n            Six months of low-intensity treadmill endurance training produces substantial and progressive reductions in the energy expenditure and cardiovascular demands of walking in older patients with chronic hemiparetic stroke. This suggests that task-oriented aerobic exercise may improve functional mobility and the cardiovascular fitness profile in this population.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.28.2.326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,17]],"date-time":"2011-06-17T20:08:03Z","timestamp":1308341283000},"page":"326-330","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":193,"title":["Treadmill Aerobic Exercise Training Reduces the Energy Expenditure and Cardiovascular Demands of Hemiparetic Gait in Chronic Stroke Patients"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"R.F.","family":"Macko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"the Neurology and Geriatrics Services and the Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Baltimore (Md) Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (R.F.M., L.D.T., K.H.S., N.T.); Departments of Neurology (R.F.M., K.H.S., P.G.), Physical Therapy (G.V.S., P.A.A.), and Medicine, Division of Gerontology (R.F.M., K.H.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Kinesiology, University of Colorado at Boulder (C.A.D.); and Division of Geriatrics and the Geriatrics..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.A.","family":"DeSouza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Neurology and Geriatrics Services and the Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Baltimore (Md) Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (R.F.M., L.D.T., K.H.S., N.T.); Departments of Neurology (R.F.M., K.H.S., P.G.), Physical Therapy (G.V.S., P.A.A.), and Medicine, Division of Gerontology (R.F.M., K.H.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Kinesiology, University of Colorado at Boulder (C.A.D.); and Division of Geriatrics and the Geriatrics..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.D.","family":"Tretter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Neurology and Geriatrics Services and the Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Baltimore (Md) Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (R.F.M., L.D.T., K.H.S., N.T.); Departments of Neurology (R.F.M., K.H.S., P.G.), Physical Therapy (G.V.S., P.A.A.), and Medicine, Division of Gerontology (R.F.M., K.H.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Kinesiology, University of Colorado at Boulder (C.A.D.); and Division of Geriatrics and the Geriatrics..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.H.","family":"Silver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Neurology and Geriatrics Services and the Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Baltimore (Md) Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (R.F.M., L.D.T., K.H.S., N.T.); Departments of Neurology (R.F.M., K.H.S., P.G.), Physical Therapy (G.V.S., P.A.A.), and Medicine, Division of Gerontology (R.F.M., K.H.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Kinesiology, University of Colorado at Boulder (C.A.D.); and Division of Geriatrics and the Geriatrics..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.V.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Neurology and Geriatrics Services and the Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Baltimore (Md) Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (R.F.M., L.D.T., K.H.S., N.T.); Departments of Neurology (R.F.M., K.H.S., P.G.), Physical Therapy (G.V.S., P.A.A.), and Medicine, Division of Gerontology (R.F.M., K.H.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Kinesiology, University of Colorado at Boulder (C.A.D.); and Division of Geriatrics and the Geriatrics..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.A.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Neurology and Geriatrics Services and the Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Baltimore (Md) Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (R.F.M., L.D.T., K.H.S., N.T.); Departments of Neurology (R.F.M., K.H.S., P.G.), Physical Therapy (G.V.S., P.A.A.), and Medicine, Division of Gerontology (R.F.M., K.H.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Kinesiology, University of Colorado at Boulder (C.A.D.); and Division of Geriatrics and the Geriatrics..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Tomoyasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Neurology and Geriatrics Services and the Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Baltimore (Md) Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (R.F.M., L.D.T., K.H.S., N.T.); Departments of Neurology (R.F.M., K.H.S., P.G.), Physical Therapy (G.V.S., P.A.A.), and Medicine, Division of Gerontology (R.F.M., K.H.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Kinesiology, University of Colorado at Boulder (C.A.D.); and Division of Geriatrics and the Geriatrics..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Gorman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Neurology and Geriatrics Services and the Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Baltimore (Md) Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (R.F.M., L.D.T., K.H.S., N.T.); Departments of Neurology (R.F.M., K.H.S., P.G.), Physical Therapy (G.V.S., P.A.A.), and Medicine, Division of Gerontology (R.F.M., K.H.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Kinesiology, University of Colorado at Boulder (C.A.D.); and Division of Geriatrics and the Geriatrics..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.R.","family":"Dengel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Neurology and Geriatrics Services and the Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Baltimore (Md) Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (R.F.M., L.D.T., K.H.S., N.T.); 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