{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T09:53:40Z","timestamp":1790416420625,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Background and Purpose<\/jats:italic>\n            Ultrasonic evaluation of intima-media thickness (IMT) is one method of assessing the development of early atherosclerosis. This report describes the distribution of IMT within the general population and is one of the first to investigate its association with noninvasively assessed symptomatic and asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n            Ultrasonic evaluation of IMT was included in the 5-year follow-up examination of participants of the Edinburgh Artery Study. Valid readings of IMT were recorded in 1106 subjects aged 60 to 80 years, and the maximum from the right and left sides of the neck was used in the analysis. Existing symptomatic and asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease and coronary heart disease were also assessed at follow-up using previously validated noninvasive techniques.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n            IMT increased continuously with age (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2264.01), and its distribution was positively skewed in both sexes. The results suggest that levels of atherosclerotic development in the common carotid artery are 5 to 10 years more advanced in men than in women. In this population, the overall prevalence of moderate to severe disease was very low (only 1.2% of study participants had IMT values &gt;2 mm). The presence of symptomatic (intermittent claudication) or asymptomatic (ankle brachial pressure index \u22640.9) peripheral arterial disease was significantly associated with increased IMT (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2264.05).\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n            Although the prevalence of advanced atherosclerosis was very low, small changes in IMT were associated with clinically significant development of atherosclerosis in the peripheral arteries. However, further longitudinal studies are needed that standardize measurement techniques and would allow accurate comparisons across studies.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.28.2.348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,17]],"date-time":"2011-06-17T20:08:03Z","timestamp":1308341283000},"page":"348-353","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":250,"title":["Relationship Between Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Paul L.","family":"Allan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"the Department of Radiology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh National Health Service Trust (P.L.A.), and the Wolfson Unit for Prevention of Peripheral Vascular Diseases, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical School (P.I.M., A.J.L., F.G.R.F.), Edinburgh, Scotland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip I.","family":"Mowbray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Department of Radiology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh National Health Service Trust (P.L.A.), and the Wolfson Unit for Prevention of Peripheral Vascular Diseases, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical School (P.I.M., A.J.L., F.G.R.F.), Edinburgh, Scotland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda J.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Department of Radiology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh National Health Service Trust (P.L.A.), and the Wolfson Unit for Prevention of Peripheral Vascular Diseases, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical School (P.I.M., A.J.L., F.G.R.F.), Edinburgh, Scotland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. Gerald R.","family":"Fowkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Department of Radiology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh National Health Service Trust (P.L.A.), and the Wolfson Unit for Prevention of Peripheral Vascular Diseases, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical School (P.I.M., A.J.L., F.G.R.F.), Edinburgh, Scotland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0033-0620(84)90007-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"1399","volume":"74","year":"1986","unstructured":"Pignoli P, Tremoli E, Poli A, Oreste P, Paoletti R. Intimal plus medial thickness of the arterial wall: a direct measurement with ultrasound imaging. Atherosclerosis. 1986;74:1399-1406.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.18.6.3686596"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1985.4.8.411"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000110110"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.16.1.3966262"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.21.11.2237950"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a060585"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(95)05625-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(60)90319-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5288.1293"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.43.5.711"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1985.00360050105017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"Wissler RW. Principles of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In: Braunwald E ed. Heart Disease: a Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. Philadelphia Pa: WB Saunders Co; 1984:1183."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Armstrong ML Megan MB Heistad DD. Adaptive responses of the arterial wall as human atherosclerosis develops. In: Glagov S Newman WP Schaffer S eds. Pathobiology of the Human Atherosclerotic Plaque. New York NY: Springer-Verlag Inc; 1989:469-480.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-3326-8_30"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.24.9.8362421"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.8.6.788"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.23.12.1448826"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(88)90073-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","unstructured":"Gostomzyk JG Heller WD Gerhardt P Lee PN Keil U. B-scan ultrasound examination of the carotid arteries within a representative population (MONICA Project Augsburg). Klin Wochenschr. 1988;66(suppl XI):58-65."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","first-page":"143","volume":"19","year":"1988","unstructured":"O'Leary DH, Anderson KM, Kase CS, Wolf PA, Kannel WB. Extracranial carotid atherosclerosis in a general population: the Framingham Study. Proceedings of the 13th International Joint Conference on Stroke and Cerebral Circulation. Stroke. 1988;19:143. Abstract.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.26.3.386"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/atv91.14.12.7981175"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/20.2.384"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(84)90558-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/25.6.1172"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","first-page":"645","volume":"27","year":"1962","unstructured":"Rose GA. The diagnosis of ischaemic heart pain and intermittent claudication in field surveys. Bull World Health Organ. 1962;27:645-658.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.71.3.3156006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.147.3.6844621"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","unstructured":"Folger WN. Non-invasive studies. In: Sundt TM Jr ed. Occlusive Cerebrovascular Disease: Diagnosis and Surgical Management. 1987:77."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","unstructured":"Ginsberg MD Cebul RD. Non-invasive diagnosis of carotid artery disease. In: Harrison MJG Dyken ML eds. Cerebral Vascular Disease. London UK: Butterworth; 1983;chap 9:226."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","unstructured":"Non-invasive dynamic and real time assessment of extracranial cerebrovasculature. In: Wood JH ed. Cerebral Blood Flow: Physiologic and Clinical Aspects. New York NY: McGraw-Hill Book Co; 1987;chap 6:313."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","unstructured":"SPSS Base System Guide. Chicago Ill: SPSS Inc; 1990."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","unstructured":"SPSS Advanced Statistics Guide. Chicago Ill: SPSS Inc; 1990."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.1991.tb00336.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(90)90056-O"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.23.5.1579968"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/17.2.248"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","unstructured":"Probstfield JL Byington RP Egan DA Espeland MA Margitic SE Riley WA Jr Furberg CD. Methodological issues facing studies of atherosclerotic change. Circulation. 1993;87(suppl):II-74-II-81. Review."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.hyp.19.6.717"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07853898909149939"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116078"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/atv91.11.5.1911709"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1968.tb53849.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)91077-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(94)90196-1"}],"container-title":["Stroke"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/01.STR.28.2.348","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T22:05:36Z","timestamp":1715551536000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/01.STR.28.2.348"}},"subtitle":["The Edinburgh Artery Study"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,2]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/01.STR.28.2.348"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.str.28.2.348","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-2499","1524-4628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-2499","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1996-08-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1996-10-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1997-02-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}