{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T17:00:35Z","timestamp":1775149235054,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Background and Purpose<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014The available data on low-dose oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use and stroke risk in US women are limited by small numbers. We sought more precise estimates by conducting a pooled analysis of data from 2 US population\u2013based case-control studies.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014We analyzed interview data from 175 ischemic stroke cases, 198 hemorrhagic stroke cases, and 1191 control subjects 18 to 44 years of age.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014For ischemic stroke, the pooled odds ratio (pOR) adjusted for stroke risk factors for current use of low-dose OCPs compared with women who had never used OCP (never users) was 0.66 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29 to 1.47) and compared with women not currently using OCPs (nonusers) the pOR was 1.09 (95% CI, 0.54 to 2.21). For hemorrhagic stroke, the pOR for current use of low-dose OCPs compared with never users was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.46 to 1.93) and compared with nonusers the pOR was 1.11 (95% CI, 0.61 to 2.01). The pORs for current low-dose OCP use and either stroke type were not elevated among women who were \u226535 years, cigarette smokers, obese, or not receiving medical therapy for hypertension. pORs for current low-dose OCP use were 2.08 (95% CI, 1.19 to 3.65) for ischemic stroke and 2.15 (95% CI, 0.85 to 5.45) for hemorrhagic stroke among women reporting a history of migraine but were not elevated among women without such a history. Past OCP use (irrespective of formulation) was inversely related to ischemic stroke but unrelated to hemorrhagic stroke.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014Women who use low-dose OCPs are, in the aggregate, not at increased risk of stroke. Studies are needed to clarify the risk of stroke among users who may be susceptible on the basis of age, smoking, obesity, hypertension, or migraine history.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.29.11.2277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,17]],"date-time":"2011-06-17T20:08:03Z","timestamp":1308341283000},"page":"2277-2284","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":160,"title":["Stroke and Use of Low-Dose Oral Contraceptives in Young Women"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Stephen M.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (S.M.S., D.S.S., W.T.L.), the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Community Medicine (S.M.S., D.S.S., W.T.L.), the Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (D.S.S.), the Department of Neurology, School of Medicine (W.T.L.), and the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Community Medicine (T.E.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Research and Evaluation, Southern..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana B.","family":"Petitti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (S.M.S., D.S.S., W.T.L.), the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Community Medicine (S.M.S., D.S.S., W.T.L.), the Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (D.S.S.), the Department of Neurology, School of Medicine (W.T.L.), and the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Community Medicine (T.E.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Research and Evaluation, Southern..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"Siscovick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (S.M.S., D.S.S., W.T.L.), the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Community Medicine (S.M.S., D.S.S., W.T.L.), the Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (D.S.S.), the Department of Neurology, School of Medicine (W.T.L.), and the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Community Medicine (T.E.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Research and Evaluation, Southern..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"W. T.","family":"Longstreth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (S.M.S., D.S.S., W.T.L.), the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Community Medicine (S.M.S., D.S.S., W.T.L.), the Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (D.S.S.), the Department of Neurology, School of Medicine (W.T.L.), and the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Community Medicine (T.E.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Research and Evaluation, Southern..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Sidney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (S.M.S., D.S.S., W.T.L.), the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Community Medicine (S.M.S., D.S.S., W.T.L.), the Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (D.S.S.), the Department of Neurology, School of Medicine (W.T.L.), and the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Community Medicine (T.E.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Research and Evaluation, Southern..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trivellore E.","family":"Raghunathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (S.M.S., D.S.S., W.T.L.), the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Community Medicine (S.M.S., D.S.S., W.T.L.), the Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (D.S.S.), the Department of Neurology, School of Medicine (W.T.L.), and the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Community Medicine (T.E.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Research and Evaluation, Southern..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Charles P.","family":"Quesenberry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (S.M.S., D.S.S., W.T.L.), the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Community Medicine (S.M.S., D.S.S., W.T.L.), the Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (D.S.S.), the Department of Neurology, School of Medicine (W.T.L.), and the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Community Medicine (T.E.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Research and Evaluation, Southern..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Kelaghan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (S.M.S., D.S.S., W.T.L.), the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Community Medicine (S.M.S., D.S.S., W.T.L.), the Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (D.S.S.), the Department of Neurology, School of Medicine (W.T.L.), and the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Community Medicine (T.E.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Research and Evaluation, Southern..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199607043350102"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)12394-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)12393-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-127-8_Part_1-199710150-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-121-3-199408010-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.306.6883.956"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a008741"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.25.5.8165687"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198811173192004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116418"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.280.6224.1157"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(16)32485-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(87)90013-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(95)00153-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5965.245"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","first-page":"530","volume":"289","year":"1984","unstructured":"Vessey MP, Lawless M, Yeates D. Oral contraceptives and stroke: findings in a large prospective study. BMJ. 1984;289:530\u2013531.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.310.6983.830"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(12)91817-7"}],"container-title":["Stroke"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/01.STR.29.11.2277","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T22:03:38Z","timestamp":1715551418000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/01.STR.29.11.2277"}},"subtitle":["A Pooled Analysis of Two US Studies"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,11]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/01.STR.29.11.2277"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.str.29.11.2277","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-2499","1524-4628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-2499","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1998-06-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1998-08-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1998-11-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}