{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T07:36:00Z","timestamp":1773300960269,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Background and Purpose<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014Hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite are capable of generating hydroxyl radical and are commonly suspected as sources of this radical in tissues. It would be useful to distinguish the source of hydroxyl radical in pathophysiological conditions and to clarify the mechanisms by which antioxidants modify vascular actions of oxidants.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014We investigated the effect of three antioxidants\u2014dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), salicylate, and\n            <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n            -cysteine\u2014on the cerebral arteriolar dilation caused by topical application of hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite in anesthetized cats equipped with cranial windows. We also tested the effect of these antioxidants on the vasodilation caused by pinacidil and cromakalim, two known openers of ATP-sensitive potassium channels.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014DMSO was more effective in inhibiting dilation from hydrogen peroxide, whereas salicylate and\n            <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n            -cysteine were more effective in inhibiting dilation from peroxynitrite. All three antioxidants inhibited dilation in concentrations that were remarkably low (&lt;1 mmol\/L). All three antioxidants inhibited vasodilation from two known potassium channel openers, pinacidil and cromakalim. Their effect was specific because they did not affect dilation from adenosine or nitroprusside.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014The findings show that antioxidants block ATP-sensitive potassium channels in cerebral arterioles. This appears to be the mechanism by which antioxidants inhibit the dilation from hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite and not through scavenging of a common intermediate, ie, hydroxyl radical. The differences between effectiveness in inhibiting dilation from hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite by various antioxidants suggest that hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite act at two different sites, one in a water-soluble environment and the other in a lipid-soluble environment.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.29.4.817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,17]],"date-time":"2011-06-17T20:10:52Z","timestamp":1308341452000},"page":"817-823","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Antioxidants Inhibit ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels in Cerebral Arterioles"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Enoch P.","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Medical College of Virginia Campus of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (E.P.W., H.A.K.), and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J.S.B.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hermes A.","family":"Kontos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Medical College of Virginia Campus of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (E.P.W., H.A.K.), and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J.S.B.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph S.","family":"Beckman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Medical College of Virginia Campus of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (E.P.W., H.A.K.), and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J.S.B.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.hyp.16.2.162"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei EP Kontos HA Beckman JS. Mechanisms of cerebral vasodilation by superoxide hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite. Am J Physiol. 1996;271(Heart Circ Physiol 40):H1262\u2013H1266.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1996.271.3.H1262"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(78)80116-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.4.1620"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.6.3.308"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"450","volume":"1968","year":"1968","unstructured":"Hughes MN, Nicklin HG. The chemistry of pernitrites, I: kinetics of decomposition of pernitrous acid. J Chem Soc. 1968;1968:450\u2013452.","journal-title":"J Chem Soc"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dorfman LM Adams GE. Reactivity of the Hydroxyl Radical in Aqueous Solutions. 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