{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T23:36:17Z","timestamp":1769124977071,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Background and Purpose<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014Anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) are associated with thrombotic phenomena including cerebral ischemia in young adults. Although aCL are directed to a neoepitope formed by phospholipid and \u03b22-glycoprotein I (\u03b22-GPI), immunoassays based on cardiolipin as target antigen are widely used. We previously demonstrated that 47% of aCL-negative systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients had antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) to epitopes other than cardiolipin, and we found an association between aPL to noncardiolipin antigens and thrombosis. We now assess the prevalence and clinical significance of noncardiolipin aPL in young adults with cerebrovascular disease of undetermined etiology.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014Seventy-seven non-SLE patients, aged &lt;51 years, with cerebral ischemia were studied. Specificity of aPL were characterized by ELISAs using 7 different phospholipids: cardiolipin (CL), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014Thirty-four patients (44.1%), had aPL to 1 or more of the following antigens: 23.4% to CL, 18.2% to PS, 15.6% to PG, 14.3% to PA, and 28.6% to PI. Fifty-nine patients (76.6%) were aCL negative. Of these subjects 23.4% showed aPL to noncardiolipin epitopes. PI was the specificity with highest prevalence in all subgroups, and in 6 patients anti-PI antibodies were the only detectable aPL. The binding of aPL to the different antigens was \u03b22-GPI dependent.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014Our data demonstrate a high prevalence of aPL in young adults with cerebral ischemia of undetermined cause. PI was the specificity with highest prevalence, suggesting that anti-PI antibodies may be an immunological marker in young patients with cerebrovascular disease.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.29.9.1759","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,17]],"date-time":"2011-06-17T20:08:03Z","timestamp":1308341283000},"page":"1759-1764","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["High Prevalence of Antiphosphatidylinositol Antibodies in Young Patients With Cerebral Ischemia of Undetermined Cause"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Toschi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Hematology and Blood Transfusion and Neurology (D.Z.), San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, Milan, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adele","family":"Motta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Hematology and Blood Transfusion and Neurology (D.Z.), San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, Milan, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Castelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Hematology and Blood Transfusion and Neurology (D.Z.), San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, Milan, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Luisa","family":"Paracchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Hematology and Blood Transfusion and Neurology (D.Z.), San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, Milan, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Zerbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Hematology and Blood Transfusion and Neurology (D.Z.), San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, Milan, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Gibelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Hematology and Blood Transfusion and Neurology (D.Z.), San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, Milan, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V84.9.2854.2854"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096120339600500511"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096120339600500519"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1642698","volume":"74","year":"1995","unstructured":"Triplett DA. 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