{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:16:41Z","timestamp":1791951401485,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Background and Purpose<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014A favorable risk-benefit ratio for warfarin compared with aspirin has been reported for the prevention of major vascular events in symptomatic \u226550% intracranial stenoses. Transcranial color-coded duplex sonography (TCCS) criteria providing an accurate detection of \u226550% and &lt;50% stenoses of the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries and basilar and vertebral arteries were evaluated retrospectively with angiography used as the standard of reference.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014Prospectively collected TCCS, extracranial color-coded duplex sonography, and intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography data of 310 patients were reviewed. The patients had angiography for confirmation of symptomatic extracranial \u226570% carotid stenoses, symptomatic stenoses (peak systolic velocity higher than the corresponding mean value +2 SDs of 104 normal subjects), and occlusions of the middle cerebral or basilar artery previously assessed by ultrasound. The sonographer was not aware of angiographic findings.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014TCCS would have detected all 31 of \u226550% intracranial stenoses with 1 false-positive and 35 of 38 &lt;50% stenoses with 3 false-positives. One of 69 stenoses (1%) and 280 of 2741 normal arteries (10%) were missed because of inadequate insonation windows. The corresponding peak systolic velocity cutoffs for \u226550%\/&lt;50% stenoses were \u2265155\/\u2265120 cm\/s (anterior cerebral artery), \u2265220\/\u2265155 cm\/s (middle cerebral artery), \u2265145\/\u2265100 cm\/s (posterior cerebral artery), \u2265140\/\u2265100 cm\/s (basilar artery), and \u2265120\/\u226590 cm\/s (vertebral artery).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014TCCS may reliably assess \u226550% and &lt;50% basal cerebral artery narrowing and prove useful for noninvasive management of patients with symptomatic intracranial stenoses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.30.1.87","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,17]],"date-time":"2011-06-17T16:08:03Z","timestamp":1308326883000},"page":"87-92","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":219,"title":["Assessment of \u226550% and &lt;50% Intracranial Stenoses by Transcranial Color-Coded Duplex Sonography"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Ralf W.","family":"Baumgartner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zu\u0308rich (R.W.B.), and Departments of Neurology (H.P.M.) and Neuroradiology (G.S.), University Hospital of Bern (Switzerland)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heinrich P.","family":"Mattle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zu\u0308rich (R.W.B.), and Departments of Neurology (H.P.M.) and Neuroradiology (G.S.), University Hospital of Bern (Switzerland)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Schroth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zu\u0308rich (R.W.B.), and Departments of Neurology (H.P.M.) and Neuroradiology (G.S.), University Hospital of Bern (Switzerland)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.26.1.14"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.27.11.1974"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.45.8.1488"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.56.9.967"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.21.2.2406993"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.40.4.680"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1988.7.11.611"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.18.6.3318000"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410280507"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.49.5.510"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1988.00520270067022"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.25.10.7916499"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000108494"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.26.3.430"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199108153250701"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.29.9.1894"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.24.10.8378955"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","unstructured":"Von B\u00fcdingen HJ Von Reutern GM. 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