{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T23:03:31Z","timestamp":1770505411367,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Background and Purpose<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014Subluxation is a significant problem in poststroke hemiplegia, resulting in pain and loss of function. Current treatments are not proved and not considered effective. It has been demonstrated that cyclical electrical stimulation of the shoulder muscles can reduce existing subluxation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether electrical stimulation could prevent subluxation in both the short and long terms.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014A prospective, randomized controlled study was used to determine the efficacy of electrical stimulation in preventing shoulder subluxation in patients after cerebrovascular accidents. Forty patients were selected and randomly assigned to a control or treatment group. They had their first assessment within 48 hours of their stroke, and those in the treatment group were immediately put on a regimen of electrical stimulation for 4 weeks. All patients were assessed at 4 weeks after stroke and then again at 12 weeks after stroke. Assessments were made of shoulder subluxation, pain, and motor control.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014The treatment group had significantly less subluxation and pain after the treatment period, but at the end of the follow-up period there were no significant differences between the 2 groups.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014Electrical stimulation can prevent shoulder subluxation, but this effect was not maintained after the withdrawal of treatment.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.30.5.963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,17]],"date-time":"2011-06-17T20:08:03Z","timestamp":1308341283000},"page":"963-968","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["Prevention of Shoulder Subluxation After Stroke With Electrical Stimulation"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Sandra L.","family":"Linn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Bioengineering Unit, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malcolm H.","family":"Granat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Bioengineering Unit, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kennedy R.","family":"Lees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Bioengineering Unit, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/4.1.16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"96","volume":"8","year":"1965","unstructured":"Najenson T, Pikielny SS. Malalignment of the glenohumeral joint following hemiplegia. Ann Phys Med. 1965;8:96\u201399.","journal-title":"Ann Phys Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"Caillet R. The Shoulder in Hemiplegia. Philadelphia Pa: FA Davis Co; 1980."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"Basmajian JV. Muscles Alive: Their Functions Revealed by Electromyography. Baltimore Md: Williams & Wilkins; 1978."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"139","volume":"50","year":"1971","unstructured":"Chaco J, Wolf E. Subluxation of the glenohumeral joint in hemiplegia. Am J Phys Med. 1971;50:139\u2013143.","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"582","volume":"72","year":"1991","unstructured":"Brook MM, De Lateur BJ, Diana-Rigby GC, Questad K. Shoulder subluxation in hemiplegia: effects of three different supports. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1991;72:582\u2013586.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","unstructured":"Bobath B. Adult Hemiplegia: Evaluation and Treatment. 3rd ed. London UK: Heinemann Medical Books; 1990:106\u2013107."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","unstructured":"Carr JH Shepherd RB. A Motor Learning Programme for Stroke. 2nd ed. London UK: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1987:151\u2013154."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davis PM. Steps to Follow. New York NY: Springer-Verlag; 1985:206\u2013235.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-96833-4_12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/66.12.1930"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"73","volume":"5","year":"1994","unstructured":"Faghri PD, Rodgers MM, Glaser RM, Bors JG, Ho C, Akuhota P. The effects of functional electrical stimulation on shoulder subluxation, arm function recovery and shoulder pain in hemiplegic stroke patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1994;5:73\u201379.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","unstructured":"Daniels L Worthington C. Muscle Testing: Techniques of Manual Examination. 5th ed. Philadelphia Pa: WB Saunders Co; 1986."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)93206-O"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"161","volume":"20","year":"1988","unstructured":"Van Langenberghe HVK, Hogan BM. Degree and grade of subluxation in the painful hemiplegic shoulder. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1988;20:161\u2013166.","journal-title":"Scand J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","first-page":"514","volume":"67","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bohannon RW, Larkin PA, Smith MB, Horton MG. shoulder pain in hemiplegia: statistical relationship with five variables. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1986;67:514\u2013516.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/65.2.175"}],"container-title":["Stroke"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/01.STR.30.5.963","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T22:20:21Z","timestamp":1715552421000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/01.STR.30.5.963"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,5]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/01.STR.30.5.963"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.str.30.5.963","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-2499","1524-4628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-2499","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1998-09-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1999-02-18","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1999-05-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}