{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:09:53Z","timestamp":1790467793380,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Background and Purpose<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014Current evidence suggests that the apolipoprotein E (APOE for gene; apoE for protein) \u03b54 allele predisposes to cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) whereas \u03b52 is associated with CAA-related hemorrhage (CAAH). The clinical risk factors for other forms of intracranial hemorrhage are a less-frequent feature of CAAH. In this study we examined potential clinical risk factors in patients with CAAH and assessed these with respect to APOE genotype.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014Thirty-six patients were identified with a pathological diagnosis of CAAH. Clinical notes were reviewed to document age of hemorrhage onset, history of dementia, antiplatelet\/anticoagulant medication, hypertension, minor head trauma, or transient neurological events. In a review of reported cases of CAAH, the frequency of these clinical features was also recorded. APOE genotypes were determined with use of polymerase chain reaction techniques.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014There were 24 women and 12 men; the mean age was 70.3 years. One third (n=12) had been taking antiplatelet medication, and a similar number were demented. Nine patients were hypertensive, and 4 had a history of recent minor head trauma. The relative frequency of each of these clinical features was similar to that in previous reports. Forty-four percent (16 of 36) possessed an \u03b52 allele. Antiplatelet or anticoagulant medication, hypertension, or minor head trauma were significantly more frequent antecedents of CAAH in \u03b52 carriers than in non\u2013\u03b52 carriers (81% versus 35%,\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            =0.008), antiplatelet\/anticoagulant medication in particular (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            =0.038).\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014Our findings suggest that antiplatelet or anticoagulant medication, hypertension, or minor head trauma are most likely to precipitate cerebral hemorrhage in patients with CAA who are also \u03b52 carriers. This may result from isoform-specific effects of apoE on the structure of amyloid-laden blood vessel walls.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.30.8.1643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,17]],"date-time":"2011-06-17T20:08:03Z","timestamp":1308341283000},"page":"1643-1646","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy\u2013Related Hemorrhage"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Mark O.","family":"McCarron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Neuropathology (M.O.M., J.A.R.N.) and Neurology (M.O.M., I.B.), Institute of Neurological Sciences, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow; Department of Neuropathology (J.W.I.), The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Neuropathology (S.L.), Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, UK; and Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology (M.J.A.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A. R.","family":"Nicoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Neuropathology (M.O.M., J.A.R.N.) and Neurology (M.O.M., I.B.), Institute of Neurological Sciences, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow; Department of Neuropathology (J.W.I.), The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Neuropathology (S.L.), Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, UK; and Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology (M.J.A.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James W.","family":"Ironside","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Neuropathology (M.O.M., J.A.R.N.) and Neurology (M.O.M., I.B.), Institute of Neurological Sciences, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow; Department of Neuropathology (J.W.I.), The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Neuropathology (S.L.), Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, UK; and Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology (M.J.A.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth","family":"Love","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Neuropathology (M.O.M., J.A.R.N.) and Neurology (M.O.M., I.B.), Institute of Neurological Sciences, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow; Department of Neuropathology (J.W.I.), The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Neuropathology (S.L.), Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, UK; and Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology (M.J.A.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Alberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Neuropathology (M.O.M., J.A.R.N.) and Neurology (M.O.M., I.B.), Institute of Neurological Sciences, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow; Department of Neuropathology (J.W.I.), The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Neuropathology (S.L.), Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, UK; and Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology (M.J.A.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Bone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Neuropathology (M.O.M., J.A.R.N.) and Neurology (M.O.M., I.B.), Institute of Neurological Sciences, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow; Department of Neuropathology (J.W.I.), The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Neuropathology (S.L.), Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, UK; and Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology (M.J.A.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.18.2.3551211"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410410607"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410380219"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.20.9649"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00314454"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"22","volume":"54","year":"1979","unstructured":"Okazaki H, Reagan TJ, Campbell RJ. Clinicopathologic studies of primary cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Mayo Clin Proc. 1979;54:22\u201331.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1985.63.6.0963"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199607183350308"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.21.11.2237947"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00316150"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.65.3.405"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.27.8.1333"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.4.961"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-198601000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410300503"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","unstructured":"McCarron MO Nicoll JAR Stewart J Ironside JW Mann DMA Graham DI Dewar D. The apolipoprotein E \u03b52 allele and the pathological features in cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related haemorrhage. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. In press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.22.1930"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000110329"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.10.2073"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1994.00540220027011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.26.11.2190"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(97)90196-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","first-page":"11","volume":"44","year":"1997","unstructured":"Itoh Y, Yamada M. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy in the elderly: the clinicopathological features, pathogenesis, and risk factors. J Med Dent Sci. 1997;44:11\u201319.","journal-title":"J Med Dent Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","unstructured":"Nicoll JAR Stewart J McCarron MO. Cystatin C mutation and sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related hemorrhage. Neurology. 1999;52(suppl 2):A317\u2013A318. Abstract."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.14.6.6658995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410160308"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1981.tb01757.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","first-page":"317","volume":"102","year":"1978","unstructured":"Lee SS, Stemmermann GN. Congophilic angiopathy and cerebral hemorrhage. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1978;102:317\u2013321.","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199111000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.6.730"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.47.11.1203"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.24.12.8248968"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","first-page":"308","volume":"36","year":"1985","unstructured":"Brown RT, Coates RK, Gilbert JJ. Radiographic-pathologic correlation in cerebral amyloid angiopathy: a review of 12 patients. Can Assoc Radiol J. 1985;36:308\u2013311.","journal-title":"Can Assoc Radiol J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","first-page":"171","volume":"5","year":"1984","unstructured":"Wagle WA, Smith TW, Weiner M. Intracerebral hemorrhage caused by cerebral amyloid angiopathy: radiographic-pathologic correlation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1984;5:171\u2013176.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.151.2.6709910"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00339564"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.30.1.29"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1992.00530250055016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.22.4.2024275"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1992.76.2.0231"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02688699408995114"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01404847"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00383267"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.35.5.625"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410180110"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1991.75.3.0458"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-8467(91)90004-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-8467(91)90054-S"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100025051"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198007000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","first-page":"498","volume":"143","year":"1985","unstructured":"Filloux FM, Townsend JJ. Congophilic angiopathy with intracerebral hemorrhage. West J Med. 1985;143:498\u2013502.","journal-title":"West J Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340050590"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.21.3.2309274"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.40.8.1308"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198212093072408"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1985.63.6.0965"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1982.57.2.0286"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(96)00158-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1984.04050150112027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/70.5.477"}],"container-title":["Stroke"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/01.STR.30.8.1643","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T22:24:53Z","timestamp":1715552693000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/01.STR.30.8.1643"}},"subtitle":["Interaction of APOE \u03b52 With Putative Clinical Risk Factors"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,8]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/01.STR.30.8.1643"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.str.30.8.1643","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-2499","1524-4628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-2499","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1999-03-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1999-04-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1999-08-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}