{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T01:13:06Z","timestamp":1790730786793,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Background and Purpose<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014It has been demonstrated that moderate hypothermia attenuates brain damage, but the mechanism whereby this is achieved has not been clearly shown. Recently, the role of leukocytes as mediators of secondary brain damage after brain ischemia has been discussed. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of moderate hypothermia on leukocyte-endothelium interaction in the rat pial microvasculature after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014Rhodamine 6G\u2013labeled leukocytes in brain surface were visualized with intravital fluorescence videomicroscopy through a closed cranial window. We analyzed the number of leukocytes adhering to the venular and arteriolar endothelium before ischemic insult and up to 3 hours after reperfusion. Rats were divided into 4 experimental groups. Group I (n=6) consisted of sham-operated animals. Groups II (n=6) and III (n=6) received left MCAO for 1 hour under normothermia (36\u00b0C to 37\u00b0C, group II) and under moderate hypothermia (30\u00b0C to 32\u00b0C, group III). Group IV (n=4) received left common carotid artery occlusion for 1 hour under normothermia.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014The number of adhering leukocytes in venules in groups II and IV increased significantly (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt;0.001) after reperfusion compared with the group I, but that in group III did not increase significantly (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &gt;0.05). The number of adhering leukocytes in arterioles in group II increased significantly (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt;0.01) compared with the other groups, although the adhering leukocytes were not as numerous as those seen in venules.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014It is demonstrated that hypothermia attenuates adhering leukocytes in venules and arterioles after reperfusion of MCAO. The inhibition of the leukocyte function may be an important factor in the neuroprotective effect of hypothermia.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.30.8.1679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,17]],"date-time":"2011-06-17T20:08:03Z","timestamp":1308341283000},"page":"1679-1686","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Effects of Moderate Hypothermia on Leukocyte- Endothelium Interaction in the Rat Pial Microvasculature After Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Mami","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.I.) and Internal Medicine (E.S.), Saitama National Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (S.S., N.Y., J.I., T.K.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Hospital, Marburg, Germany (H.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliichi","family":"Sekizuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.I.) and Internal Medicine (E.S.), Saitama National Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (S.S., N.Y., J.I., T.K.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Hospital, Marburg, Germany (H.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuzo","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.I.) and Internal Medicine (E.S.), Saitama National Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (S.S., N.Y., J.I., T.K.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Hospital, Marburg, Germany (H.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriyuki","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.I.) and Internal Medicine (E.S.), Saitama National Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (S.S., N.Y., J.I., T.K.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Hospital, Marburg, Germany (H.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joji","family":"Inamasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.I.) and Internal Medicine (E.S.), Saitama National Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (S.S., N.Y., J.I., T.K.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Hospital, Marburg, Germany (H.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helmut","family":"Bertalanffy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.I.) and Internal Medicine (E.S.), Saitama National Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (S.S., N.Y., J.I., T.K.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Hospital, Marburg, Germany (H.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Kawase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.I.) and Internal Medicine (E.S.), Saitama National Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (S.S., N.Y., J.I., T.K.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Hospital, Marburg, Germany (H.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_1_2","unstructured":"del Zoppo GJ Garcia JH. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte adhesion in cerebrovascular ischemia: pathophysiologic implications of leukocyte adhesion. In: Granger DN Schmid-Schonbein GW eds. Physiology and Pathophysiology of Leukocyte Adhesion. New York NY: Oxford University Press;1995:408\u2013425."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.17.2.3961835"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199611000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.23.9.1519296"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","first-page":"32","volume":"66","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tomita M, Fukuuchi Y. Leukocyte, macrophages and secondary brain damage following cerebral ischemia. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien).. 1996;66:32\u201339.","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.55.5.662"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","unstructured":"Gute D Korthuis RJ. Role of leukocyte adherence in reperfusion-induced microvascular dysfunction and tissue injury. In: Granger DN Schmid-Schonbein GW eds. Physiology and Pathophysiology of Leukocyte Adhesion. New York NY: Oxford University Press; 1995:359\u2013380."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199901000-00096"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","unstructured":"Sekizuka E Oshio C Suematsu M Nagata H Morishita T Kurose I Hozawa S Miura S Tsuchiya M. Hemodynamic effect of leukocyte and endothelium interaction on colonic mucosal blood flow in ischemia-reperfusion injury. In: Kasuya Y Tsuchiya M Nagato F Matsuo Y eds. Gastrointestinal Function Regulation and Disturbances. Vol 9. Tokyo Japan: Excerpta Medica; 1991:93\u2013112."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.25.5.8165674"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199711000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.20.7.2568705"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1992.86"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199306000-00017"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1994.77"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1990.66"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1992.55"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.23.12.1448833"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1995.12.923"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199702203360803"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","first-page":"95","volume":"34","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wass CT, Lanier WL. Hypothermia-associated protection from ischemic brain injury: implications for patient management. Int Anesthesiol Clin.. 1996;34:95\u2013111.","journal-title":"Int Anesthesiol Clin."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199612000-00024"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","first-page":"S702","volume":"17","year":"1997","unstructured":"Inamasu J, Horiguchi T, Suga S, Ogino M, Kawase T. Hypothermia attenuates expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) protein in transient focal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab.. 1997;17:S702. Abstract.","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00229002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mvre.1998.2100"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1986.5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-2862(91)90064-I"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410350414"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.25.4.8160235"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.25.7.8023364"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.23.5.1579969"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(91)90003-C"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.9.1747"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.26.8.1438"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118392"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.37.1.51"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.46.3.857-859.1984","volume":"46","year":"1984","unstructured":"Biggar WD, Bohn DJ, Kent G, Barker C, Hamilton G. Neutrophil migration in vitro and in vivo during hypothermia. Infect Immun.. 1984;46:857\u2013859.","journal-title":"Infect Immun."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siemionow M Romanowski L Lister G. Leukocyte-depleting effect of hypothermia on muscle flap microcirculation following ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Hand Surg. 1993;18A:963\u2013971.","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(93)90384-F"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1994.80.1.0112"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.25.7.8023357"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199009000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/res.69.4.1934331"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-2862(80)90028-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-2862(92)90076-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115200"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_46_2","first-page":"H138","volume":"273","year":"1997","unstructured":"Iigo Y, Suematsu M, Higashida T, Oheda J, Matsumoto K, Wakabayashi Y, Ishimura Y, Miyasaka M, Takashi T. Constitutive expression of ICAM-1 in rat microvascular systems analyzed by laser confocal microscopy. Am J Physiol.. 1997;273:H138\u2013H147.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117410"},{"key":"e_1_4_3_1_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.29.2.529"},{"key":"e_1_4_3_1_2_2","first-page":"S5","volume":"49","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hallenbeck JM. Cytokines, macrophages, and leukocytes in brain ischemia. Neurology. 1997;49:S5\u2013S9.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_4_3_1_3_2","unstructured":"Feuerstein GZ Wang X Barone FC. Inflammatory mediators and brain injury: the role of cytokines and chemokines in stroke and CNS diseases. In: Ginsberg MD Bogousslavsky J eds. Cerebrovascular Diseases. Cambridge Mass: Blackwell Science; 1998:507\u2013531."},{"key":"e_1_4_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.4.719"},{"key":"e_1_4_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010050977"},{"key":"e_1_4_3_1_6_2","unstructured":"The Enlimobab Acute Stroke Trial Investigators. The Enlimobab Acute Stroke Trial: final results. Cerebrovasc Dis. 1998;7(suppl 4):18. Abstract."},{"key":"e_1_4_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.30.3.624"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.30.9.1982","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[1999,9,1]],"date-time":"1999-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":936144000000}}],"container-title":["Stroke"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/01.STR.30.8.1679","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T22:24:50Z","timestamp":1715552690000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/01.STR.30.8.1679"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,8]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/01.STR.30.8.1679"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.str.30.8.1679","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1161\/01.STR.30.9.1982","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0039-2499","1524-4628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-2499","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1998-12-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1999-04-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1999-08-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}