{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T21:54:29Z","timestamp":1790978069235,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Background and Purpose<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014This study investigated the non\u2013velocity-related effects of a 1-bar rigid ankle-foot orthosis on the gait of hemiparetic subjects, with particular emphasis on the muscle activity of the paretic lower limb.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014Twenty-one hemiparetic subjects who had been using an ankle-foot orthosis for equinovarus deformity for &lt;1 week participated. Patients walked cued by a metronome at a comparable speed with and without the orthosis. Dependent variables were basic, limb-dependent cycle parameters, gait symmetry, vertical ground reaction forces, sagittal ankle excursions, and kinesiological electromyogram of several lower limb muscles.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014The use of the caliper was associated with more dynamic and balanced gait, characterized by longer relative single-stance duration of the paretic lower limb, better swing symmetry, better pivoting over the stationary paretic foot, and better ankle excursions (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt;0.05). The functional activity of the paretic quadriceps muscles increased, while the activity of the paretic tibialis anterior muscle decreased (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt;0.05).\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014The orthosis led to a more dynamic and balanced gait, with enhanced functional activation of the hemiparetic vastus lateralis muscle. The study further supports the functional benefits of a rigid ankle-foot orthosis in hemiparetic subjects as an integral part of a comprehensive rehabilitation approach. However, the reduced activity in the tibialis muscle may lead to disuse atrophy and hence long-term dependence on the orthosis.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.30.9.1855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,17]],"date-time":"2011-06-17T20:08:03Z","timestamp":1308341283000},"page":"1855-1861","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":120,"title":["Non\u2013Velocity-Related Effects of a Rigid Double-Stopped Ankle-Foot Orthosis on Gait and Lower Limb Muscle Activity of Hemiparetic Subjects With an Equinovarus Deformity"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Stefan","family":"Hesse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Klinik Berlin, Department Neurological Rehabilitation, Free University Berlin (Germany) (S.H., C.W., K.M.); Disablement Services Center, Addenbrookes Hospital NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK (K.S.); and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Bucharest (Romania) (M.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cordula","family":"Werner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Klinik Berlin, Department Neurological Rehabilitation, Free University Berlin (Germany) (S.H., C.W., K.M.); Disablement Services Center, Addenbrookes Hospital NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK (K.S.); and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Bucharest (Romania) (M.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konrad","family":"Matthias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Klinik Berlin, Department Neurological Rehabilitation, Free University Berlin (Germany) (S.H., C.W., K.M.); Disablement Services Center, Addenbrookes Hospital NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK (K.S.); and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Bucharest (Romania) (M.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirker","family":"Stephen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Klinik Berlin, Department Neurological Rehabilitation, Free University Berlin (Germany) (S.H., C.W., K.M.); Disablement Services Center, Addenbrookes Hospital NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK (K.S.); and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Bucharest (Romania) (M.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Berteanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Klinik Berlin, Department Neurological Rehabilitation, Free University Berlin (Germany) (S.H., C.W., K.M.); Disablement Services Center, Addenbrookes Hospital NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK (K.S.); and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Bucharest (Romania) (M.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","unstructured":"Perry J Montgomery J. Gait of the stroke patient and orthotic indications. In: Brandstater ME Basmajian JV eds. Stroke Rehabilitation. Baltimore Md: Williams & Wilkens; 1987:246\u2013283."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"69","volume":"51","year":"1970","unstructured":"Corcoran PJ, Jebsen RH, Brengelmann GL, Simons BC. Effects of plastic metal leg braces on speed and energy cost of hemiparetic ambulation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1970;51:69\u201377.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"763","volume":"68","year":"1987","unstructured":"Lehmann JF, Condon SM, Price R, de Lateur BJ. Gait abnormalities in hemiplegia: their correction by ankle-foot orthoses. 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