{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T15:59:17Z","timestamp":1792166357498,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Background and Purpose<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014Serological evidence of infection with\n            <jats:italic>Chlamydia pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            has been associated with cardiovascular disease in multiple epidemiological studies. The data on its association with ischemic stroke are limited. We sought to determine whether chronic\n            <jats:italic>C pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            infection is associated with ischemic stroke in a multi-ethnic population.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014The Northern Manhattan Stroke Study contains a population-based, case-control study component. Cases had first ischemic stroke and matched control subjects were derived through random digit dialing. Titers of IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies specific for\n            <jats:italic>C pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            were measured with the use of microimmunofluorescence, and titers \u22651:16 were considered positive. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) after adjustment for medical, behavioral, and socioeconomic factors.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014Eighty-nine cases and 89 control subjects were selected. Mean age among cases was 68.5\u00b112.8 years; 53% were women and 15% of the subjects were white, 28% were black, and 54% were Hispanic. Elevated\n            <jats:italic>C pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            IgA titers were significantly associated with risk of ischemic stroke after adjusting for other stroke risk factors (adjusted OR 4.51, 95% CI 1.44 to 14.06). IgG titers were less strongly associated with stroke risk (adjusted OR 2.59, 95% CI 0.87 to 7.75). The association of IgA with stroke risk was detected in both younger and older groups, in men and women, and in whites, blacks, and Hispanics. There was also a significant continuous increase in risk associated with the log-transformation of the titer for IgA (adjusted OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.66) but not IgG.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014Serological evidence of chronic infection with\n            <jats:italic>C pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            is associated with risk of ischemic stroke in an urban, multi-ethnic population. IgA titers may be a better marker of this risk than are IgG titers. This association is independent of other vascular disease risk factors. Further prospective epidemiological studies of the effect of this infection on stroke risk are warranted.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.31.7.1521","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,17]],"date-time":"2011-06-17T20:10:52Z","timestamp":1308341452000},"page":"1521-1525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["<i>Chlamydia pneumoniae<\/i>\n            and the Risk of First Ischemic Stroke"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Mitchell S. V.","family":"Elkind","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, and the Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center of New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY (M.S.V.E., R.L.S.); the Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY (M.S.V.E., R.L.S.); the Division of Biostatistics, Joseph P. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY (I.-F.L.); the Departments of Epidemiology and Pathobiology, School of Public..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I-Feng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, and the Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center of New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY (M.S.V.E., R.L.S.); the Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY (M.S.V.E., R.L.S.); the Division of Biostatistics, Joseph P. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY (I.-F.L.); the Departments of Epidemiology and Pathobiology, School of Public..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. T.","family":"Grayston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, and the Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center of New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY (M.S.V.E., R.L.S.); the Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY (M.S.V.E., R.L.S.); the Division of Biostatistics, Joseph P. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY (I.-F.L.); the Departments of Epidemiology and Pathobiology, School of Public..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph L.","family":"Sacco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, and the Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center of New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY (M.S.V.E., R.L.S.); the Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY (M.S.V.E., R.L.S.); the Division of Biostatistics, Joseph P. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY (I.-F.L.); the Departments of Epidemiology and Pathobiology, School of Public..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)90741-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03490010070032"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(93)90332-J"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.27.12.2207"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.29.2.404"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","unstructured":"United States Census of Population and Housing. (Public Use Microdata Sample). 1990. 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