{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T11:45:11Z","timestamp":1791114311769,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Background and Purpose<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014The aim of this study was to validate the diagnosis of self-reported stroke.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014During 1994\u20131995, 27 159 people attended a population health survey in the community of Troms\u00f8, Norway, a response rate of 77%. A total of 418 attenders reported a history of stroke. In 1997, all individuals with a self-reported stroke who were still living in the community (n=362) were invited to a clinical reexamination. For each of the 269 people who were reexamined, a person who reported no history of stroke was selected and was reexamined in the same way.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014On the basis of the reexamination, 213 (79.2%) of the self-reported strokes were confirmed. Thirteen individuals (4.8%) had a possible stroke. The remaining 43 individuals had either transient ischemic attack (TIA; n=18), traumatic head injuries (n=16), or perinatal cerebral damage, complicated migraine, syncope, possible TIA, or cerebral aneurysm without bleeding (n=9). Among the confirmed strokes, 30 (14.1%) were hemorrhagic and 118 (55.4%) were thromboembolic. Of the 30 hemorrhages, 16 were subarachnoidal bleedings, 10 due to ruptured aneurysms. The histories of stroke, including both the symptoms and the signs, often had a paucity of details and precision, making it impossible to classify 65 stroke victims (30.5%) into stroke subtypes. The positive predictive value (PPV) of a self-reported stroke was 0.79. The PPV was significantly (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            =0.016) greater in men (0.88) than in women (0.73). Individuals older than 60 years had a significantly greater PPV than those younger than 60 years (PPV 0.83 and 0.73, respectively;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            =0.05). Hypertension was associated with a greater PPV, whereas a history of either ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, lung disease, or depression had no impact on the PPV. The estimated sensitivity of self-reported stroke in the survey population was \u224880% and the specificity was 99%.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014We conclude that a self-administered questionnaire can be used to assess the prevalence of stroke in epidemiological research.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.31.7.1602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,17]],"date-time":"2011-06-17T20:10:52Z","timestamp":1308341452000},"page":"1602-1607","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":221,"title":["Validity of Self-Reported Stroke"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Torgeir","family":"Engstad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute of Community Medicine (T.E., K.H.B.) and the Institute of Clinical Medicine (K.H.B., M.V.), University of Troms\u00f8, Troms\u00f8, Norway, and the Division of Geriatric Medicine (M.V.), Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaare H.","family":"B\u00f8naa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute of Community Medicine (T.E., K.H.B.) and the Institute of Clinical Medicine (K.H.B., M.V.), University of Troms\u00f8, Troms\u00f8, Norway, and the Division of Geriatric Medicine (M.V.), Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matti","family":"Viitanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute of Community Medicine (T.E., K.H.B.) and the Institute of Clinical Medicine (K.H.B., M.V.), University of Troms\u00f8, Troms\u00f8, Norway, and the Division of Geriatric Medicine (M.V.), Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(96)00274-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.36.4.269"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1982.tb03130.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.26.8.1334"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"311","volume":"137","year":"1991","unstructured":"Mittelmark MB, Psaty BM, Rautaharju PM, Fried LP, Borhani NO, Tracy RP, Gardin JM, O\u2019Leary DH. 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Bull WHO. 1976;54:541\u2013553.","journal-title":"Bull WHO"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","unstructured":"SAS\/STAT User\u2019s Guide Version 6. 4th ed. Cary NC: SAS Institute Inc 1990."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.27.9.1499"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","first-page":"231","volume":"4","year":"1999","unstructured":"Di Carlo A, Candelise L, Gandolfo C, Grigoletto F, Volonnino G, Baldereschi M, Maggi S, Scarlato G, Amaducci L, Inzitari D. Influence of different screening procedures on the stroke prevalence estimates: the Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Cerebrovasc Dis. 1999;4:231\u2013237.","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","first-page":"284","volume":"7","year":"2000","unstructured":"The Members of the Lille Stroke Program. Misdiagnosis in 1250 consecutive patients admitted to an acute stroke unit. 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