{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T23:10:05Z","timestamp":1792624205473,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Background and Purpose<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014Previous studies have documented sex differences in the management and outcome of patients with cardiovascular disease. However, little data exist on whether similar sex differences exist in stroke patients. We conducted a study to determine whether sex differences exist in patients with acute stroke admitted to Ontario hospitals.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014Using linked administrative databases, we performed a population-based cohort study. The databases contained information on all 44 832 patients discharged from acute-care hospitals in Ontario between April 1993 and March 1996 with a most responsible diagnosis of acute stroke. The main outcomes measured consisted of sex differences in comorbidities, the use of rehabilitative services, the use of antiplatelet therapy and anticoagulants (in elderly stroke survivors aged \u226565 years only), discharge destination, and mortality.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014Male stroke patients were more likely than female stroke patients to have a history of ischemic heart disease (18.1% versus 15.3%, respectively;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt;0.001) and diabetes mellitus (20.1% versus 18.7%, respectively;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt;0.001), whereas female patients were more likely than male patients to have hypertension (33.8% versus 30.0%, respectively;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt;0.001) and atrial fibrillation (12.9% versus 10.2%, respectively;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt;0.001). There were no sex differences in the usage of in-hospital rehabilitative services. The overall 90-day postdischarge use of aspirin and ticlopidine was similar in stroke survivors aged 65 to 84 years. However, among stroke survivors aged \u226585 years, men were more likely than women to receive aspirin (36.0% versus 30.7%, respectively;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt;0.001) and ticlopidine (9.2% versus 6.8%, respectively;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            =0.007). Use of warfarin was similar for the two sexes. Men were more likely than women to be discharged home (50.6% versus 40.9%, respectively;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt;0.001) and less likely to be discharged to chronic care facilities (16.8% versus 25.2%, respectively;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt;0.001). The risk of death 1 year after stroke was somewhat lower in women than men (adjusted odds ratio 0.939, 95% CI 0.899 to 0.980;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            =0.004). The mortality differences were greatest among elderly stroke patients.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014Elderly men are more likely than elderly women to receive aspirin and ticlopidine and equally like to receive warfarin after a stroke. Despite these differences, elderly women have a better 1-year survival after a stroke.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.31.8.1833","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,17]],"date-time":"2011-06-17T20:08:03Z","timestamp":1308341283000},"page":"1833-1837","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":188,"title":["Sex Differences and Similarities in the Management and Outcome of Stroke Patients"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Jayna M.","family":"Holroyd-Leduc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (J.M.H.-L., M.K.K., P.C.A., J.V.T.), Toronto, Ontario; the Division of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology Unit and Health Care Research Program, Sunnybrook and Women\u2019s College Health Science Centre (J.V.T.), Toronto, Ontario; and the Department of Medicine (J.M.H.-L., M.K.K., J.V.T.) and Public Health Sciences (P.C.A., J.V.T.) University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moira K.","family":"Kapral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (J.M.H.-L., M.K.K., P.C.A., J.V.T.), Toronto, Ontario; the Division of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology Unit and Health Care Research Program, Sunnybrook and Women\u2019s College Health Science Centre (J.V.T.), Toronto, Ontario; and the Department of Medicine (J.M.H.-L., M.K.K., J.V.T.) and Public Health Sciences (P.C.A., J.V.T.) University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter C.","family":"Austin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (J.M.H.-L., M.K.K., P.C.A., J.V.T.), Toronto, Ontario; the Division of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology Unit and Health Care Research Program, Sunnybrook and Women\u2019s College Health Science Centre (J.V.T.), Toronto, Ontario; and the Department of Medicine (J.M.H.-L., M.K.K., J.V.T.) and Public Health Sciences (P.C.A., J.V.T.) University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack V.","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (J.M.H.-L., M.K.K., P.C.A., J.V.T.), Toronto, Ontario; the Division of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology Unit and Health Care Research Program, Sunnybrook and Women\u2019s College Health Science Centre (J.V.T.), Toronto, Ontario; and the Department of Medicine (J.M.H.-L., M.K.K., J.V.T.) and Public Health Sciences (P.C.A., J.V.T.) University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199107253250401"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"239","volume":"10","year":"1994","unstructured":"Jaglal SB, Goel V, Naylor CD. Sex differences in the use of invasive coronary procedures in Ontario. Can J Cardiol. 1994;10:239\u2013244.","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-112-8-561"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.25.3.8128506"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"373","volume":"27","year":"1996","unstructured":"Brown RD, Whisnant JP, Sicks JD, O\u2019Fallon WM, Wiebers DO. Stroke incidence, prevalence, and survival: secular trends in Rochester, Minnesota, through 1989. Stroke. 1996;27:373\u2013380.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.27.5.825"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.28.4.752"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.28.7.1367"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.28.8.1579"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.1996.519857000.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.28.2.284"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.25.2.8303744"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.25.8.8042215"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.23.9.1519276"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.13.2.7039004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197807132990201"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.19.4.3284017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.14.1.6401878"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.21.8.2202093"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.8.1189"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)92233-R"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)92327-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198908243210804"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.12.1112"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.22.8.1866765"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","unstructured":"International Classification of Diseases 9th revision Clinical Modification. Ann Arbor Mich:. Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities; 1992."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","unstructured":"Canadian Classification of Diagnostic Therapeutic and Surgical Procedures. Ottawa Ontario: Minister of Industry Science and Technology; 1993."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(92)90133-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","unstructured":"SAS Release 6.11. Cary NC: SAS Institute Inc; 1996."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","first-page":"62","volume":"6","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mayo NE, Chockalingam A, Reeder BA, Phillips S. Surveillance for stroke in Canada. Health Rep. 1994;6:62\u201372.","journal-title":"Health Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","unstructured":"Ontario Hospital Association Ontario Ministry of Health Hospital Medical Records Institute. Report of the Ontario Data Quality Reabstracting Study. Toronto Ontario: Ontario Hospital Association; 1991."}],"container-title":["Stroke"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/01.STR.31.8.1833","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T22:18:25Z","timestamp":1715552305000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/01.STR.31.8.1833"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,8]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/01.STR.31.8.1833"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.str.31.8.1833","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-2499","1524-4628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-2499","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2000-03-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2000-05-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2000-08-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}