{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T15:43:57Z","timestamp":1791215037293,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Background and Purpose<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014The objectives of this study were to describe the changes in cardiovascular risk factors during the perimenopausal and early postmenopausal years and correlate those changes in risk factors with carotid intimal-medial thickness (IMT) and plaque index measured 5 to 8 years after menopause.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014Participants were women (n=372) from Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, enrolled in the Healthy Women Study who had been postmenopausal for at least 5 years. Risk factor changes were measured during the perimenopause, ie, between the premenopausal and first year postmenopausal examinations, and during the early postmenopause, ie, between the first and fifth year postmenopausal examinations. Carotid ultrasound scans measured IMT and plaque at examinations 5 to 8 years after menopause among 314 of the women.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014Increases in LDL cholesterol and triglycerides and declines in HDL cholesterol were greater during perimenopause than postmenopause, whereas increases in blood pressure and fasting glucose levels were greater during postmenopause. Premenopausal systolic and pulse pressure, LDL and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and body mass index predicted IMT and plaque. Only the change in pulse pressure between premenopausal and first year postmenopausal examinations was related to both IMT and plaque.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014Absolute risk for cardiovascular disease increases substantially in midlife, with a particularly adverse effect on lipid metabolism at the menopause. Premenopausal levels of risk factors are adequate to identify which women should be targeted for intervention.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.32.5.1104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,17]],"date-time":"2011-06-17T20:10:52Z","timestamp":1308341452000},"page":"1104-1111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":173,"title":["Changes in Cardiovascular Risk Factors During the Perimenopause and Postmenopause and Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis in Healthy Women"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Karen A.","family":"Matthews","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (K.A.M.), and Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh (L.H.K., K.S.-T., Y.-F.C.) (Pa)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lewis H.","family":"Kuller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (K.A.M.), and Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh (L.H.K., K.S.-T., Y.-F.C.) (Pa)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Sutton-Tyrrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (K.A.M.), and Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh (L.H.K., K.S.-T., Y.-F.C.) (Pa)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue-Fang","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (K.A.M.), and Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh (L.H.K., K.S.-T., Y.-F.C.) (Pa)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5122(86)90025-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Matthews KA Cauley J. Menopause and mid-life changes. In: Hazzard WR Blass JP Ettinger WH Jr Halter JB Ouslander JG eds. Principles of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology. 4th ed. 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