{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T23:59:16Z","timestamp":1793318356370,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Abstract<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014Patients with chronic aphasia were assigned randomly to a group to receive either conventional aphasia therapy or constraint-induced (CI) aphasia therapy, a new therapeutic technique requiring intense practice over a relatively short period of consecutive days. CI aphasia therapy is realized in a communicative therapeutic environment constraining patients to practice systematically speech acts with which they have difficulty. Patients in both groups received the same amount of treatment (30 to 35 hours) as 10 days of massed-practice language exercises for the CI aphasia therapy group (3 hours per day minimum; 10 patients) or over a longer period of \u22484 weeks for the conventional therapy group (7 patients). CI aphasia therapy led to significant and pronounced improvements on several standard clinical tests, on self-ratings, and on blinded-observer ratings of the patients\u2019 communicative effectiveness in everyday life. Patients who received the control intervention failed to achieve comparable improvements. Data suggest that the language skills of patients with chronic aphasia can be improved in a short period by use of an appropriate massed-practice technique that focuses on the patients\u2019 communicative needs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.32.7.1621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,17]],"date-time":"2011-06-17T16:08:03Z","timestamp":1308326883000},"page":"1621-1626","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":540,"title":["Constraint-Induced Therapy of Chronic Aphasia After Stroke"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Friedemann","family":"Pulvermu\u0308ller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit (F.P.), Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychology (F.P., B.G., T.E. B.M., B.R.), University of Konstanz, Konstanz; Lurija Institute of Rehabilitation Research (F.P., B.G.); Neurological Hospital Schmieder (P.K.), Allensbach, Germany; and the Department of Psychology (E.T.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Neininger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit (F.P.), Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychology (F.P., B.G., T.E. B.M., B.R.), University of Konstanz, Konstanz; Lurija Institute of Rehabilitation Research (F.P., B.G.); Neurological Hospital Schmieder (P.K.), Allensbach, Germany; and the Department of Psychology (E.T.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Elbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit (F.P.), Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychology (F.P., B.G., T.E. B.M., B.R.), University of Konstanz, Konstanz; Lurija Institute of Rehabilitation Research (F.P., B.G.); Neurological Hospital Schmieder (P.K.), Allensbach, Germany; and the Department of Psychology (E.T.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Mohr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit (F.P.), Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychology (F.P., B.G., T.E. B.M., B.R.), University of Konstanz, Konstanz; Lurija Institute of Rehabilitation Research (F.P., B.G.); Neurological Hospital Schmieder (P.K.), Allensbach, Germany; and the Department of Psychology (E.T.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigitte","family":"Rockstroh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit (F.P.), Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychology (F.P., B.G., T.E. B.M., B.R.), University of Konstanz, Konstanz; Lurija Institute of Rehabilitation Research (F.P., B.G.); Neurological Hospital Schmieder (P.K.), Allensbach, Germany; and the Department of Psychology (E.T.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Koebbel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit (F.P.), Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychology (F.P., B.G., T.E. B.M., B.R.), University of Konstanz, Konstanz; Lurija Institute of Rehabilitation Research (F.P., B.G.); Neurological Hospital Schmieder (P.K.), Allensbach, Germany; and the Department of Psychology (E.T.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Taub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit (F.P.), Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychology (F.P., B.G., T.E. B.M., B.R.), University of Konstanz, Konstanz; Lurija Institute of Rehabilitation Research (F.P., B.G.); Neurological Hospital Schmieder (P.K.), Allensbach, Germany; and the Department of Psychology (E.T.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410380416"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"23","volume":"42","year":"1984","unstructured":"Kertesz A. Recovery from aphasia. 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