{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T13:18:10Z","timestamp":1791206290335,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ATVB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Objective\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            The immune system is thought to play a crucial role in regulating collateral circulation (arteriogenesis), a vital compensatory mechanism in patients with arterial obstructive disease. Here, we studied the role of lymphocytes in a murine model of hindlimb ischemia.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            Lymphocytes, detected with markers for NK1.1, CD3, and CD4, invaded the collateral vessel wall. Arteriogenesis was impaired in C57BL\/6 mice depleted for Natural Killer (NK)-cells by anti-NK1.1 antibodies and in NK-cell\u2013deficient transgenic mice. Arteriogenesis was, however, unaffected in J\u03b1281-knockout mice that lack NK1.1\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            Natural Killer T (NKT)-cells, indicating that NK-cells, rather than NKT-cells, are involved in arteriogenesis. Furthermore, arteriogenesis was impaired in C57BL\/6 mice depleted for CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T-lymphocytes by anti-CD4 antibodies, and in major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-class-II\u2013deficient mice that more selectively lack mature peripheral CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T-lymphocytes. This impairment was even more profound in anti-NK1.1-treated MHC-class-II\u2013deficient mice that lack both NK- and CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T-lymphocytes. Finally, collateral growth was severely reduced in BALB\/c as compared with C57BL\/6 mice, 2 strains with different bias in immune responsiveness.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            These data show that both NK-cells and CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T-cells modulate arteriogenesis. Promoting lymphocyte activation may represent a promising method to treat ischemic disease.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.107.151407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,24]],"date-time":"2007-08-24T01:40:15Z","timestamp":1187919615000},"page":"2310-2318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":134,"title":["Natural Killer Cells and CD4\n            <sup>+<\/sup>\n            T-Cells Modulate Collateral Artery Development"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"V.","family":"van Weel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Gaubius Laboratory (V.v.W., L.S., M.M.L.D., M.R.d.V., J.S., A.S., D.E., P.H.A.Q.), TNO Quality of Life, Leiden, the Netherlands; and the Departments Surgery (V.v.W., A.S., D.E., J.H.v.B., P.H.A.Q.), Rheumatology (R.E.M.T.), and Medical Statistics (P.H.E.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands, and Laboratory for Physiology, ICAR-VU, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.S., V.W.M.v.H.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.E.M.","family":"Toes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Gaubius Laboratory (V.v.W., L.S., M.M.L.D., M.R.d.V., J.S., A.S., D.E., P.H.A.Q.), TNO Quality of Life, Leiden, the Netherlands; and the Departments Surgery (V.v.W., A.S., D.E., J.H.v.B., P.H.A.Q.), Rheumatology (R.E.M.T.), and Medical Statistics (P.H.E.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands, and Laboratory for Physiology, ICAR-VU, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.S., V.W.M.v.H.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Seghers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Gaubius Laboratory (V.v.W., L.S., M.M.L.D., M.R.d.V., J.S., A.S., D.E., P.H.A.Q.), TNO Quality of Life, Leiden, the Netherlands; and the Departments Surgery (V.v.W., A.S., D.E., J.H.v.B., P.H.A.Q.), Rheumatology (R.E.M.T.), and Medical Statistics (P.H.E.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands, and Laboratory for Physiology, ICAR-VU, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.S., V.W.M.v.H.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.M.L.","family":"Deckers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Gaubius Laboratory (V.v.W., L.S., M.M.L.D., M.R.d.V., J.S., A.S., D.E., P.H.A.Q.), TNO Quality of Life, Leiden, the Netherlands; and the Departments Surgery (V.v.W., A.S., D.E., J.H.v.B., P.H.A.Q.), Rheumatology (R.E.M.T.), and Medical Statistics (P.H.E.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands, and Laboratory for Physiology, ICAR-VU, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.S., V.W.M.v.H.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.R.","family":"de Vries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Gaubius Laboratory (V.v.W., L.S., M.M.L.D., M.R.d.V., J.S., A.S., D.E., P.H.A.Q.), TNO Quality of Life, Leiden, the Netherlands; and the Departments Surgery (V.v.W., A.S., D.E., J.H.v.B., P.H.A.Q.), Rheumatology (R.E.M.T.), and Medical Statistics (P.H.E.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands, and Laboratory for Physiology, ICAR-VU, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.S., V.W.M.v.H.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.H.","family":"Eilers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Gaubius Laboratory (V.v.W., L.S., M.M.L.D., M.R.d.V., J.S., A.S., D.E., P.H.A.Q.), TNO Quality of Life, Leiden, the Netherlands; and the Departments Surgery (V.v.W., A.S., D.E., J.H.v.B., P.H.A.Q.), Rheumatology (R.E.M.T.), and Medical Statistics (P.H.E.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands, and Laboratory for Physiology, ICAR-VU, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.S., V.W.M.v.H.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Sipkens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Gaubius Laboratory (V.v.W., L.S., M.M.L.D., M.R.d.V., J.S., A.S., D.E., P.H.A.Q.), TNO Quality of Life, Leiden, the Netherlands; and the Departments Surgery (V.v.W., A.S., D.E., J.H.v.B., P.H.A.Q.), Rheumatology (R.E.M.T.), and Medical Statistics (P.H.E.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands, and Laboratory for Physiology, ICAR-VU, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.S., V.W.M.v.H.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Schepers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Gaubius Laboratory (V.v.W., L.S., M.M.L.D., M.R.d.V., J.S., A.S., D.E., P.H.A.Q.), TNO Quality of Life, Leiden, the Netherlands; and the Departments Surgery (V.v.W., A.S., D.E., J.H.v.B., P.H.A.Q.), Rheumatology (R.E.M.T.), and Medical Statistics (P.H.E.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands, and Laboratory for Physiology, ICAR-VU, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.S., V.W.M.v.H.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Eefting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Gaubius Laboratory (V.v.W., L.S., M.M.L.D., M.R.d.V., J.S., A.S., D.E., P.H.A.Q.), TNO Quality of Life, Leiden, the Netherlands; and the Departments Surgery (V.v.W., A.S., D.E., J.H.v.B., P.H.A.Q.), Rheumatology (R.E.M.T.), and Medical Statistics (P.H.E.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands, and Laboratory for Physiology, ICAR-VU, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.S., V.W.M.v.H.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.W.M.","family":"van Hinsbergh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Gaubius Laboratory (V.v.W., L.S., M.M.L.D., M.R.d.V., J.S., A.S., D.E., P.H.A.Q.), TNO Quality of Life, Leiden, the Netherlands; and the Departments Surgery (V.v.W., A.S., D.E., J.H.v.B., P.H.A.Q.), Rheumatology (R.E.M.T.), and Medical Statistics (P.H.E.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands, and Laboratory for Physiology, ICAR-VU, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.S., V.W.M.v.H.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.H.","family":"van Bockel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Gaubius Laboratory (V.v.W., L.S., M.M.L.D., M.R.d.V., J.S., A.S., D.E., P.H.A.Q.), TNO Quality of Life, Leiden, the Netherlands; and the Departments Surgery (V.v.W., A.S., D.E., J.H.v.B., P.H.A.Q.), Rheumatology (R.E.M.T.), and Medical Statistics (P.H.E.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands, and Laboratory for Physiology, ICAR-VU, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.S., V.W.M.v.H.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.H.A.","family":"Quax","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Gaubius Laboratory (V.v.W., L.S., M.M.L.D., M.R.d.V., J.S., A.S., D.E., P.H.A.Q.), TNO Quality of Life, Leiden, the Netherlands; and the Departments Surgery (V.v.W., A.S., D.E., J.H.v.B., P.H.A.Q.), Rheumatology (R.E.M.T.), and Medical Statistics (P.H.E.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands, and Laboratory for Physiology, ICAR-VU, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.S., V.W.M.v.H.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016094004084"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra021135"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1681588"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"463","volume":"22","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yawata M, Yawata N, Abi-Rached L, Parham P. Variation within the human killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) gene family. 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