{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:47:55Z","timestamp":1790750875046,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ATVB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Objective\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            To determine the role of multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) in cardiovascular diseases.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            MGCs are a hallmark of giant cell arteritis. They are also described in atherosclerotic plaques from aortic aneurysms and carotid and coronary arteries. Herein, we demonstrate that the cholate-containing Paigen diet yields many MGCs in atherosclerotic plaques of apolipoprotein E\u2212\/\u2212 mice. These mice revealed a 4-fold increase in MGC numbers when compared with mice on a Western or Paigen diet without cholate. Most of the MGCs stained intensively for cathepsin K and were located at fibrous caps and close to damaged elastic laminae, with associated medial smooth muscle cell depletion. During in vitro experiments, MGCs demonstrated a 6-fold increase in elastolytic activity when compared with macrophages and facilitated transmigration of smooth muscle cells through a collagen-elastin matrix. An elastin-derived hexapeptide (Val-Gly-Val-Ala-Pro-Gly [VGVAPG]) significantly increased the rate of macrophage fusion, providing a possible mechanism of in vivo MGC formation. Comparable to the mouse model, human specimens from carotid arteries and aortic aneurysms contained cathepsin K\u2013positive MGCs.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Conclusion\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            Apolipoprotein E\u2212\/\u2212 mice fed a Paigen diet provide a model to analyze the tissue-destructive role of MGCs in vascular diseases.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.110.203976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,5]],"date-time":"2010-03-05T04:11:03Z","timestamp":1267762263000},"page":"1166-1173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Cholate-Containing High-Fat Diet Induces the Formation of Multinucleated Giant Cells in Atherosclerotic Plaques of Apolipoprotein E\u2212\/\u2212 Mice"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Andriy O.","family":"Samokhin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences (A.O.S., S.W., B.N., and D.B.), Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and the Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery (M.L.G.L. and O.E.E.M.), Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital, La Habana, Cuba."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences (A.O.S., S.W., B.N., and D.B.), Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and the Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery (M.L.G.L. and O.E.E.M.), Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital, La Habana, Cuba."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boram","family":"Nho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences (A.O.S., S.W., B.N., and D.B.), Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and the Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery (M.L.G.L. and O.E.E.M.), Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital, La Habana, Cuba."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Luisa Garcia","family":"Lizame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences (A.O.S., S.W., B.N., and D.B.), Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and the Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery (M.L.G.L. and O.E.E.M.), Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital, La Habana, Cuba."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osvaldo E. 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