{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T16:58:26Z","timestamp":1791305906635,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ATVB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Objective\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    To assess the risk of venous thrombosis associated with nonoral contraceptives (ie, injectable depot\u2013medroxyprogesterone acetate contraceptives, hormone [levonorgestrel]\u2013releasing intrauterine devices, a contraceptive patch, or a contraceptive implant).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Analyses were performed in the Multiple Environmental and Genetic Assessment study, a large case-control study on risk factors for venous thrombosis. For the current analyses, we selected premenopausal women, aged 18 to 50 years, who were not pregnant nor within 4 weeks postpartum and were not using oral contraceptives; 446 patients and 1146 controls were included. Injectable depot\u2013medroxyprogesterone acetate contraceptives were associated with a 3.6-fold (95% CI, 1.8- to 7.1-fold) increased risk of venous thrombosis compared with nonusers of hormonal contraceptives. The use of a levonorgestrel intrauterine device was not associated with an increased risk (odds ratio, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1 to 1.1). Unfortunately, the few women using a contraceptive patch or an implant prevented a reliable estimate of the risk of thrombosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Conclusion\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    The risk of venous thrombosis was increased for injectable depot\u2013medroxyprogesterone acetate contraceptive users, while we were able to reliably exclude an increased risk associated with levonorgestrel intrauterine device use. Therefore, the latter seems to be the safest option regarding the risk of venous thrombosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.110.211482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,26]],"date-time":"2010-08-26T22:59:21Z","timestamp":1282863561000},"page":"2297-2300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":155,"title":["The Risk of Deep Venous Thrombosis Associated With Injectable Depot\u2013Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Contraceptives or a Levonorgestrel Intrauterine Device"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Astrid","family":"van Hylckama Vlieg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology (A.v.H.V., F.M.H., and F.R.R.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; the Department of Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine (F.M.H.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; the Thrombosis and Haemostasis Research Center (F.R.R.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (F.R.R.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frans M.","family":"Helmerhorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology (A.v.H.V., F.M.H., and F.R.R.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; the Department of Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine (F.M.H.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; the Thrombosis and Haemostasis Research Center (F.R.R.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (F.R.R.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frits R.","family":"Rosendaal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology (A.v.H.V., F.M.H., and F.R.R.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; the Department of Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine (F.M.H.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; the Thrombosis and Haemostasis Research Center (F.R.R.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (F.R.R.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/21.1.48"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)90286-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91927-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)07496-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2921"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2890"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(98)00041-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.11.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2201"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.01.064"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1160\/TH08-09-0621"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2007.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000250968.82370.04"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.6.715"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","first-page":"482","volume":"81","year":"2002","unstructured":"Odlind V, Milsom I, Persson I, Victor A. Can changes in sex hormone binding globulin predict the risk of venous thromboembolism with combined oral contraceptive pills? Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2002; 81: 482\u2013490.","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh612"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1979.tb10697.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(91)90033-C"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(91)90028-E"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-04-1285"}],"container-title":["Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/ATVBAHA.110.211482","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T18:51:48Z","timestamp":1715539908000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/ATVBAHA.110.211482"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/ATVBAHA.110.211482"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/atvbaha.110.211482","relation":{},"ISSN":["1079-5642","1524-4636"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1079-5642","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4636","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2010-08-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}