{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:24:46Z","timestamp":1791239086257,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ATVB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The goal of this study was to examine whether fatty liver and abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) are jointly associated with cardiometabolic abnormalities.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Black participants were from the Jackson Heart Study (n=2882, 65% women) who underwent computed tomography. Fatty liver was measured by liver attenuation in Hounsfield units (LA), and VAT was quantified volumetrically. Cross-sectional associations between LA, VAT, and cardiometabolic risk factors were assessed using linear and logistic regression, and their joint associations were further examined in 4 subgroups: high-LA\/low-VAT (n=1704), low-LA\/low-VAT (n=422), high-LA\/high-VAT (n=436), and low-LA\/high-VAT (n=320). Both LA and VAT were associated with most cardiometabolic traits (all\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.0001), which persisted after additional adjustment for each other (LA,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.01\u20130.0001; VAT,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.0001). In bootstrap analyses, the regression coefficient of VAT was significantly greater than LA for triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, impaired glucose, and metabolic syndrome (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.009\u20130.0001). The interaction between LA and VAT was significant for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.002), impaired glucose (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.003), and metabolic syndrome (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.04). Among 4 subgroups, participants with higher VAT and lower LA had higher prevalence of cardiometabolic traits than those with each condition alone.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Both fatty liver and VAT are independent correlates of cardiometabolic risk, but the associations are stronger for VAT than for fatty liver.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.111.234062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,2]],"date-time":"2011-09-02T02:16:08Z","timestamp":1314929768000},"page":"2715-2722","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":108,"title":["Fatty Liver, Abdominal Visceral Fat, and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Jiankang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS (J.L., D.H., H.A.T.); Framingham Heart Study and Center for Population Studies, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA (C.S.F.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (A.B.); Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.J.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline S.","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS (J.L., D.H., H.A.T.); Framingham Heart Study and Center for Population Studies, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA (C.S.F.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (A.B.); Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.J.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"DeMarc","family":"Hickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS (J.L., D.H., H.A.T.); Framingham Heart Study and Center for Population Studies, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA (C.S.F.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (A.B.); Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.J.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurelian","family":"Bidulescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS (J.L., D.H., H.A.T.); Framingham Heart Study and Center for Population Studies, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA (C.S.F.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (A.B.); Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.J.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Jeffery","family":"Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS (J.L., D.H., H.A.T.); Framingham Heart Study and Center for Population Studies, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA (C.S.F.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (A.B.); Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.J.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herman A.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS (J.L., D.H., H.A.T.); Framingham Heart Study and Center for Population Studies, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA (C.S.F.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (A.B.); Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.J.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.675355"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-1378"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23593"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.568"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2001.56"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.20.8.1932"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-1656"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-007-2107-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22350"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0904944106"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.15.1609"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22726"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxm002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.28136"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2005.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","first-page":"S6","article-title":"Recruiting African-American research participation in the Jackson Heart Study: methods, response rates, and sample description","volume":"15","author":"Fuqua SR","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fuqua SR, Wyatt SB, Andrew ME, Sarpong DF, Henderson FR, Cunningham MF, Taylor HA . 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