{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:53:36Z","timestamp":1787018016525,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ATVB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Passive smoking has been associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity. The present study aimed to examine the long-term effects of childhood exposure to tobacco smoke on endothelium-dependent vasodilation in adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The analyses were based on 2171 participants in the population-based Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns (N=2067) and Childhood Determinants of Adult Health (N=104) studies who had measures of conventional risk factors (lipids, blood pressure, adiposity, socioeconomic status) and self-reported parental smoking status when aged 3 to 18 years at baseline. They were re-examined 19 to 27 years later when aged 28 to 45 years. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation was measured at follow-up with ultrasound. In analyses adjusting for age, sex, and childhood risk factors, flow-mediated dilatation was reduced among participants who had parents that smoked in youth compared to those whose parents did not smoke (Young Finns: 9.2\u00b10.1% (mean\u00b1SEM) versus 8.6\u00b10.1%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.001; Childhood Determinants of Adult Health: 7.4\u00b10.6% versus 4.9\u00b10.9%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.04). These effects remained after adjustment for adult risk factors including own smoking status (Young Finns,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.003; Childhood Determinants of Adult Health,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.03).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Parental smoking in youth is associated with reduced flow-mediated dilatation in young adulthood measured over 20 years later. These findings suggest that passive exposure to cigarette smoke among children might cause irreversible impairment in endothelium-dependent vasodilation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.111.243261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,17]],"date-time":"2012-02-17T01:04:47Z","timestamp":1329440687000},"page":"1024-1031","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Parental Smoking in Childhood and Brachial Artery Flow-Mediated Dilatation in Young Adults"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Markus","family":"Juonala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (M.J., C.G.M., O.T.R.) and the Departments of Clinical Physiology (O.T.R.) and Medicine (M.J., J.S.A.V.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Menzies Research Institute (C.G.M., A.V., S.G.), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; Departments of Clinical Physiology (M.K.) and Clinical Chemistry (T. Lehtim\u00e4ki), University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Department of..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Costan G.","family":"Magnussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (M.J., C.G.M., O.T.R.) and the Departments of Clinical Physiology (O.T.R.) and Medicine (M.J., J.S.A.V.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Menzies Research Institute (C.G.M., A.V., S.G.), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; Departments of Clinical Physiology (M.K.) and Clinical Chemistry (T. 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Lehtim\u00e4ki), University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Department of..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seana","family":"Gall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (M.J., C.G.M., O.T.R.) and the Departments of Clinical Physiology (O.T.R.) and Medicine (M.J., J.S.A.V.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Menzies Research Institute (C.G.M., A.V., S.G.), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; Departments of Clinical Physiology (M.K.) and Clinical Chemistry (T. 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