{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T02:45:09Z","timestamp":1791081909628,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ATVB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) converts cholesterol to cholesteryl esters in plaque foam cells. Complete deficiency of macrophage ACAT has been shown to increase atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic mice because of cytotoxicity from free cholesterol accumulation, whereas we previously showed that partial ACAT inhibition by Fujirebio compound F1394 decreased early atherosclerosis development. In this report, we tested F1394 effects on preestablished, advanced lesions of apolipoprotein-E\u2013deficient mice.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Apolipoprotein-E\u2013deficient mice on Western diet for 14 weeks developed advanced plaques, and were either euthanized (Baseline), or continued on Western diet with or without F1394 and euthanized after 14 more weeks. F1394 was not associated with systemic toxicity. Compared with the baseline group, lesion size progressed in both groups; however, F1394 significantly retarded plaque progression and reduced plaque macrophage, free and esterified cholesterol, and tissue factor contents compared with the untreated group. Apoptosis of plaque cells was not increased, consistent with the decrease in lesional free cholesterol. There was no increase in plaque necrosis and unimpaired efferocytosis (phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells). The effects of F1394 were independent of changes in plasma cholesterol levels.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Partial ACAT inhibition by F1394 lowered plaque cholesterol content and had other antiatherogenic effects in advanced lesions in apolipoprotein-E\u2013deficient mice without overt systemic or plaque toxicity, suggesting the continued potential of ACAT inhibition for the clinical treatment of atherosclerosis, in spite of recent trial data.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.112.252056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,9]],"date-time":"2012-11-09T05:42:00Z","timestamp":1352439720000},"page":"4-12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["ACAT Inhibition Reduces the Progression of Preexisting, Advanced Atherosclerotic Mouse Lesions Without Plaque or Systemic Toxicity"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"James X.","family":"Rong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Cell Biology, Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.X.R., C.B., J.E.F., I.B., J.M., J.K.); Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (C.M., M.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Section on Lipid Sciences, and Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (M.D., M.W., L.L.R.); Department of Pathology, Northwestern..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Courtney","family":"Blachford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Cell Biology, Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.X.R., C.B., J.E.F., I.B., J.M., J.K.); Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (C.M., M.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Section on Lipid Sciences, and Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (M.D., M.W., L.L.R.); Department of Pathology, Northwestern..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan E.","family":"Feig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Cell Biology, Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.X.R., C.B., J.E.F., I.B., J.M., J.K.); Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (C.M., M.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Section on Lipid Sciences, and Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (M.D., M.W., L.L.R.); Department of Pathology, Northwestern..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilda","family":"Bander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Cell Biology, Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.X.R., C.B., J.E.F., I.B., J.M., J.K.); Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (C.M., M.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Section on Lipid Sciences, and Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (M.D., M.W., L.L.R.); Department of Pathology, Northwestern..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Mayne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Cell Biology, Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.X.R., C.B., J.E.F., I.B., J.M., J.K.); Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (C.M., M.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Section on Lipid Sciences, and Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (M.D., M.W., L.L.R.); Department of Pathology, Northwestern..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Kusunoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Cell Biology, Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.X.R., C.B., J.E.F., I.B., J.M., J.K.); Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (C.M., M.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Section on Lipid Sciences, and Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (M.D., M.W., L.L.R.); Department of Pathology, Northwestern..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Cell Biology, Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.X.R., C.B., J.E.F., I.B., J.M., J.K.); Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (C.M., M.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Section on Lipid Sciences, and Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (M.D., M.W., L.L.R.); Department of Pathology, Northwestern..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Cell Biology, Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.X.R., C.B., J.E.F., I.B., J.M., J.K.); Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (C.M., M.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Section on Lipid Sciences, and Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (M.D., M.W., L.L.R.); Department of Pathology, Northwestern..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Cell Biology, Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.X.R., C.B., J.E.F., I.B., J.M., J.K.); Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (C.M., M.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Section on Lipid Sciences, and Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (M.D., M.W., L.L.R.); Department of Pathology, Northwestern..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirley","family":"Dehn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Cell Biology, Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.X.R., C.B., J.E.F., I.B., J.M., J.K.); Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (C.M., M.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Section on Lipid Sciences, and Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (M.D., M.W., L.L.R.); Department of Pathology, Northwestern..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Thorp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Cell Biology, Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.X.R., C.B., J.E.F., I.B., J.M., J.K.); Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (C.M., M.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Section on Lipid Sciences, and Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (M.D., M.W., L.L.R.); Department of Pathology, Northwestern..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ira","family":"Tabas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Cell Biology, Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.X.R., C.B., J.E.F., I.B., J.M., J.K.); Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (C.M., M.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Section on Lipid Sciences, and Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (M.D., M.W., L.L.R.); Department of Pathology, Northwestern..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark B.","family":"Taubman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Cell Biology, Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.X.R., C.B., J.E.F., I.B., J.M., J.K.); Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (C.M., M.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Section on Lipid Sciences, and Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (M.D., M.W., L.L.R.); Department of Pathology, Northwestern..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence L","family":"Rudel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Cell Biology, Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.X.R., C.B., J.E.F., I.B., J.M., J.K.); Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (C.M., M.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Section on Lipid Sciences, and Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (M.D., M.W., L.L.R.); Department of Pathology, Northwestern..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward A.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Cell Biology, Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.X.R., C.B., J.E.F., I.B., J.M., J.K.); Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (C.M., M.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Section on Lipid Sciences, and Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (M.D., M.W., L.L.R.); Department of Pathology, Northwestern..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-1981(00)00144-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)32360-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00041433-200104000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.atv.0000166548.65753.1e"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.21.2604"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI10310"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(99)00155-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.19.8.1891"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2007.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200502078"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.728378"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000160864.31351.c1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1035"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M510579200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401444"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.atv.0000184783.04864.9f"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138945007783220623"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.5.1355"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hc4501.098952"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.res.0000147558.15554.67"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02540534"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/y59-099"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0336398100"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M500232-JLR200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.12.11.1274"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.D300037-JLR200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mva.2001.115963"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.18.10.1519"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2009.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(82)90167-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0802.104291"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.atv.0000142808.34602.25"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","first-page":"1444","article-title":"Intimal thickening, cholesterol clefts, and cell loss in human aortic fatty streaks.","volume":"143","author":"Guyton JR","year":"1993","unstructured":"Guyton JR, Klemp KF. Transitional features in human atherosclerosis. Intimal thickening, cholesterol clefts, and cell loss in human aortic fatty streaks. Am J Pathol. 1993;143:1444\u20131457.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20031557"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.6.3223"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.atv.0000166517.18801.a7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.3.359"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.108.167197"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI9021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5262.685"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.14.1.133"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R800076-JLR200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.atv.0000148202.49842.3b"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.111.223552"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90362-G"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI43802"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0511043103"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hq1001.096625"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028534"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2006.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000147777.12010.ef"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054699"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe068012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M803194200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.107.711275"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08938"}],"container-title":["Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/ATVBAHA.112.252056","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T23:11:07Z","timestamp":1715555467000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/ATVBAHA.112.252056"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/ATVBAHA.112.252056"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/atvbaha.112.252056","relation":{},"ISSN":["1079-5642","1524-4636"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1079-5642","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4636","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-04-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-10-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-11-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}