{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T08:54:01Z","timestamp":1791017641462,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ATVB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fish oil, containing omega-3 fatty acids, attenuates atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that omega-3 fatty acid\u2013enriched oils are atheroprotective through alteration of monocyte subsets and their trafficking into atherosclerotic lesions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Low\u2013density lipoprotein receptor knockout and apolipoprotein E\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      mice were fed diets containing 10% (calories) palm oil and 0.2% cholesterol, supplemented with an additional 10% palm oil, echium oil (containing 18:4 n-3), or fish oil. Compared with palm oil\u2013fed low\u2013density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice, echium oil and fish oil significantly reduced plasma cholesterol, splenic Ly6C\n                      <jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>\n                      monocytosis by \u224850%, atherosclerosis by 40% to 70%, monocyte trafficking into the aortic root by \u224850%, and atherosclerotic lesion macrophage content by 30% to 44%. In contrast, atherosclerosis and monocyte trafficking into the artery wall was not altered by omega-3 fatty acids in apolipoprotein E\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      mice; however, Ly6C\n                      <jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>\n                      splenic monocytes positively correlated with aortic root intimal area across all diet groups. In apolipoprotein E\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      mice, fish oil reduced the percentage of blood Ly6C\n                      <jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>\n                      monocytes, despite an average 2-fold higher plasma cholesterol relative to palm oil.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The presence of splenic Ly6C\n                      <jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>\n                      monocytes parallels the appearance of atherosclerotic disease in both low\u2013density lipoprotein receptor knockout and apolipoprotein E\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      mice. Furthermore, omega-3 fatty acids favorably alter monocyte subsets independently from effects on plasma cholesterol and reduce monocyte recruitment into atherosclerotic lesions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.112.253435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,21]],"date-time":"2012-07-21T06:35:46Z","timestamp":1342852546000},"page":"2122-2130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Omega-3 Fatty Acids Ameliorate Atherosclerosis by Favorably Altering Monocyte Subsets and Limiting Monocyte Recruitment to Aortic Lesions"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Amanda L.","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Pathology-Section on Lipid Sciences (A.L.B., X.Z., S.R., S.S., J.S., E.B., A.K.G., J.S.P.), Biochemistry (J.S.P.), Microbiology and Immunology (M.A.A.-M.), Wake Forest 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