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Protected from plasma ribonucleases by their carriers, functional miRNAs are delivered to recipient cells by various routes. Transferred miRNAs use cellular machinery to reduce target gene expression and alter cellular phenotype. Similar to soluble factors, miRNAs mediate cell-to-cell communication linking disparate cell types, diverse biological mechanisms, and homeostatic pathways. Although significant advances have been made, miRNA intercellular communication is full of complexities and many questions remain. 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