{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T18:57:01Z","timestamp":1789498621029,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ATVB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in the United States, yet assessing risk of its development remains challenging. The present study evaluates a new automated assay of small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol content (sdLDL-C) and whether sdLDL-C is a risk factor for CHD compared with LDL-C or small LDL particle concentrations derived from nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Approach and Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      sdLDL-C was measured using a new automated enzymatic method, and small LDL concentrations were obtained by nuclear magnetic resonance in 4387 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants. Cox regression analysis estimated hazard ratios for developing CHD for 8.5 years after adjustments for age, race, sex, systolic blood pressure, hypertension medication use, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. Elevated sdLDL-C was a risk factor for CHD in normoglycemic individuals. Those in the top sdLDL-C quartile showed higher risk of incident CHD (hazard ratio, 2.41;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.0037) compared with those in the bottom quartile and indicated greater CHD risk than the corresponding quartile of LDL-C (hazard ratio, 1.75;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.019). The association of sdLDL-C with CHD risk remained significant when LDL-C (&lt;2.57 mmol\/L) was included in a multivariate model (hazard ratio, 2.37;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.012). Nuclear magnetic resonance\u2013derived small LDL concentrations did not convey a significant risk of CHD. Those with impaired fasting glucose or diabetes mellitus showed higher sdLDL-C and small LDL concentrations but neither was associated with higher CHD risk in these individuals.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This new automated method for sdLDL-C identifies risk for CHD that would remain undetected using standard lipid measures, but only in normoglycemic, nondiabetic individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.113.302401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,15]],"date-time":"2013-11-15T00:58:19Z","timestamp":1384477099000},"page":"196-201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":169,"title":["New Automated Assay of Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Identifies Risk of Coronary Heart Disease"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Michael Y.","family":"Tsai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (M.Y.T., B.T.S.) and Division of Biostatistics (W.G.), University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (R.L.M.); Health Diagnostic Laboratory, Inc, Richmond, VA (R.W., J.M., D.M.H.); and National Institutes of Health Molecular Disease Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (A.T.R.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian T.","family":"Steffen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (M.Y.T., B.T.S.) and Division of Biostatistics (W.G.), University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (R.L.M.); Health Diagnostic Laboratory, Inc, Richmond, VA (R.W., J.M., D.M.H.); and National Institutes of Health Molecular Disease Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (A.T.R.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weihua","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (M.Y.T., B.T.S.) and Division of Biostatistics (W.G.), University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (R.L.M.); Health Diagnostic Laboratory, Inc, Richmond, VA (R.W., J.M., D.M.H.); and National Institutes of Health Molecular Disease Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (A.T.R.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robyn L.","family":"McClelland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (M.Y.T., B.T.S.) and Division of Biostatistics (W.G.), University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (R.L.M.); Health Diagnostic Laboratory, Inc, Richmond, VA (R.W., J.M., D.M.H.); and National Institutes of Health Molecular Disease Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (A.T.R.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell","family":"Warnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (M.Y.T., B.T.S.) and Division of Biostatistics (W.G.), University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (R.L.M.); Health Diagnostic Laboratory, Inc, Richmond, VA (R.W., J.M., D.M.H.); and National Institutes of Health Molecular Disease Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (A.T.R.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"McConnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (M.Y.T., B.T.S.) and Division of Biostatistics (W.G.), University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (R.L.M.); Health Diagnostic Laboratory, Inc, Richmond, VA (R.W., J.M., D.M.H.); and National Institutes of Health Molecular Disease Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (A.T.R.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Hoefner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (M.Y.T., B.T.S.) and Division of Biostatistics (W.G.), University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (R.L.M.); Health Diagnostic Laboratory, Inc, Richmond, VA (R.W., J.M., D.M.H.); and National Institutes of Health Molecular Disease Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (A.T.R.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan T.","family":"Remaley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (M.Y.T., B.T.S.) and Division of Biostatistics (W.G.), University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (R.L.M.); Health Diagnostic Laboratory, Inc, Richmond, VA (R.W., J.M., D.M.H.); and National Institutes of Health Molecular Disease Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (A.T.R.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2008.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.09.043"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/153.10.939"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.11.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000033222.75187.b9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.atv.0000117179.92263.08"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.E572"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2009.137489"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.18.7.1046"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.105.565135"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.atv.0000022015.97341.3a"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2010.149559"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.512079"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-1114"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2007.01507.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(93)90144-E"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)32551-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00041433-199408000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(94)90219-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.109.190405"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.108.816181"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.14936"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.3.810"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.11445"}],"container-title":["Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/ATVBAHA.113.302401","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T03:13:03Z","timestamp":1738811583000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/ATVBAHA.113.302401"}},"subtitle":["The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/ATVBAHA.113.302401"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/atvbaha.113.302401","relation":{},"ISSN":["1079-5642","1524-4636"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1079-5642","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4636","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-07-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-10-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-11-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}