{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T23:02:43Z","timestamp":1781305363734,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ATVB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) are associated with a high prevalence of atherosclerosis. \u03b22 glycoprotein I (\u03b22GPI) represents a link between autoimmunity and endothelial dysfunction. Recently, \u03b22GPI reactive T cells have been identified; however, their role in atherosclerosis is still under investigation. We evaluated early atherosclerosis in patients with SLE and APS and investigated T cell reactivity to \u03b22GPI and its relationship with atherosclerotic process.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Approach and Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Fifty SLE, 18 patients with primary APS (PAPS), and 25 healthy controls were enrolled. Demographic and clinical data, including traditional cardiovascular risk factors, were recorded. Monocyte \u03b22GPI and Tissue Factor (TF) expression and peripheral blood mononuclear cell response to \u03b22GPI stimulation were evaluated. Doppler ultrasound was performed to investigate flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). We detected an increase in mean IMT and a decrease in FMD in patients with SLE versus controls (\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.05 and\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.0001, respectively) and a decrease in FMD in patients with PAPS versus controls (\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.05). Monocyte \u03b22GPI and TF expression was higher in patients with SLE and PAPS than in controls (\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.006 and\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.001, respectively); no correlation of monocyte \u03b22GPI and TF with IMT or FMD was detected. \u03b22GPI induced peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation in 32% of patients with SLE, 25% of patients with PAPS yet in none of the controls. Proliferative response to \u03b22GPI correlated with a history of arterial thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, and IMT &gt;0.9 mm.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A significant percentage of patients with SLE and PAPS show a \u03b22GPI-specific T cell reactivity, which is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.113.302680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,17]],"date-time":"2014-01-17T00:23:59Z","timestamp":1389918239000},"page":"661-668","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Antiphospholipid Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Conti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Rheumatology Unit (F.C., F.R.S., C.A., F.C., E.M., G.V.), Atherosclerosis Unit (A.M., M.A.), and Internal Medicine D (M.P.), Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties and Department of Experimental Medicine (A.C., M.S.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; and Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome, Italy (B.B., E.P., R.R.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca Romana","family":"Spinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Rheumatology Unit (F.C., F.R.S., C.A., F.C., E.M., G.V.), Atherosclerosis Unit (A.M., M.A.), and Internal Medicine D (M.P.), Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties and Department of Experimental Medicine (A.C., M.S.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; and Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome, Italy (B.B., E.P., R.R.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristiano","family":"Alessandri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Rheumatology Unit (F.C., F.R.S., C.A., F.C., E.M., G.V.), Atherosclerosis Unit (A.M., M.A.), and Internal Medicine D (M.P.), Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties and Department of Experimental Medicine (A.C., M.S.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; and Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome, Italy (B.B., E.P., R.R.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Pacelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Rheumatology Unit (F.C., F.R.S., C.A., F.C., E.M., G.V.), Atherosclerosis Unit (A.M., M.A.), and Internal Medicine D (M.P.), Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties and Department of Experimental Medicine (A.C., M.S.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; and Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome, Italy (B.B., E.P., R.R.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fulvia","family":"Ceccarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Rheumatology Unit (F.C., F.R.S., C.A., F.C., E.M., G.V.), Atherosclerosis Unit (A.M., M.A.), and Internal Medicine D (M.P.), Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties and Department of Experimental Medicine (A.C., M.S.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; and Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome, Italy (B.B., E.P., R.R.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Marocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Rheumatology Unit (F.C., F.R.S., C.A., F.C., E.M., G.V.), Atherosclerosis Unit (A.M., M.A.), and Internal Medicine D (M.P.), Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties and Department of Experimental Medicine (A.C., M.S.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; and Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome, Italy (B.B., E.P., R.R.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Montali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Rheumatology Unit (F.C., F.R.S., C.A., F.C., E.M., G.V.), Atherosclerosis Unit (A.M., M.A.), and Internal Medicine D (M.P.), Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties and Department of Experimental Medicine (A.C., M.S.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; and Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome, Italy (B.B., E.P., R.R.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Capozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Rheumatology Unit (F.C., F.R.S., C.A., F.C., E.M., G.V.), Atherosclerosis Unit (A.M., M.A.), and Internal Medicine D (M.P.), Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties and Department of Experimental Medicine (A.C., M.S.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; and Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome, Italy (B.B., E.P., R.R.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigitta","family":"Buttari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Rheumatology Unit (F.C., F.R.S., C.A., F.C., E.M., G.V.), Atherosclerosis Unit (A.M., M.A.), and Internal Medicine D (M.P.), Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties and Department of Experimental Medicine (A.C., M.S.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; 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