{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:27:40Z","timestamp":1791300460170,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ATVB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Nuclear imaging of active plaques still remains challenging. Advanced atherosclerotic plaques have a strong expression of P-selectin by the endothelium overlying active atherosclerotic plaques, but not on the endothelium overlying inactive fibrous plaques. We proposed a new approach for noninvasive in vivo characterization of P-selectin on active plaques based on\n              <jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>\n              Ga-Fucoidan, which is a polysaccharidic ligand of P-selectin with a nanomolar affinity.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Approach and Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>\n              Ga-Fucoidan was tested for its potential to discriminate vulnerable plaques on apolipoprotein E\u2013deficient mice receiving a high cholesterol diet by positron emission tomography and in correlation with 17.6T MRI. Furthermore,\n              <jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>\n              Ga-Fucoidan was evaluated on endothelial cells in vitro and ex vivo on active plaques using autoradiography. The cellular uptake rate was increased \u22482-fold by lipopolysaccharide induction. Interestingly, on autoradiography, more intensive tracer accumulation at active plaques with thin fibrous caps and high-density foam cells were observed in comparison with a weaker focal uptake in inactive fibrous plaque segments (\n              <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n              =1.7\u00b10.3;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.05) and fatty streaks (\n              <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n              =2.4\u00b10.4;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.01). Strong uptake of radiotracer colocalized with increased P-selectin expression and high-density macrophage. Focal vascular uptake (mean of target to background ratio=5.1\u00b10.8) of\n              <jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>\n              Ga-Fucoidan was detected in all apolipoprotein E\u2013deficient mice. Anatomic structures of plaque were confirmed by 17.6T MRI. The autoradiography showed a good agreement of\n              <jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>\n              Ga-Fucoidan uptake with positron emission tomography.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Our data suggest that\n              <jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>\n              Ga-Fucoidan represents a versatile imaging biomarker for P-selectin with the potential to specifically detect P-selectin expression using positron emission tomography and to discriminate vulnerable plaques in vivo.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.114.303485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,6]],"date-time":"2014-06-06T06:23:28Z","timestamp":1402035808000},"page":"1661-1667","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Targeting P-Selectin by Gallium-68\u2013Labeled Fucoidan Positron Emission Tomography for Noninvasive Characterization of Vulnerable Plaques"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Xiang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Nuclear Medicine (X.L., I.I., M.C.K., D.R., A.B., S.S.), Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I (W.B., J.W., E.B., S.F.), IFB CHFC Wuerzburg (X.L., W.B., E.B., S.F., S.S.), and Department of Experimental Physics 5 (V.H., P.J.), University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Nuclear Medicine (X.L., I.I., M.C.K., D.R., A.B., S.S.), Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I (W.B., J.W., E.B., S.F.), IFB CHFC Wuerzburg (X.L., W.B., E.B., S.F., S.S.), and Department of Experimental Physics 5 (V.H., P.J.), University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ina","family":"Israel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Nuclear Medicine (X.L., I.I., M.C.K., D.R., A.B., S.S.), Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I (W.B., J.W., E.B., S.F.), IFB CHFC Wuerzburg (X.L., W.B., E.B., S.F., S.S.), and Department of Experimental Physics 5 (V.H., P.J.), University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Kreissl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Nuclear Medicine (X.L., I.I., M.C.K., D.R., A.B., S.S.), Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I (W.B., J.W., E.B., S.F.), IFB CHFC Wuerzburg (X.L., W.B., E.B., S.F., S.S.), and Department of Experimental Physics 5 (V.H., P.J.), University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Weirather","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Nuclear Medicine (X.L., I.I., M.C.K., D.R., A.B., S.S.), Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I (W.B., J.W., E.B., S.F.), IFB CHFC Wuerzburg (X.L., W.B., E.B., S.F., S.S.), and Department of Experimental Physics 5 (V.H., P.J.), University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominik","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Nuclear Medicine (X.L., I.I., M.C.K., D.R., A.B., S.S.), Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I (W.B., J.W., E.B., S.F.), IFB CHFC Wuerzburg (X.L., W.B., E.B., S.F., S.S.), and Department of Experimental Physics 5 (V.H., P.J.), University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Nuclear Medicine (X.L., I.I., M.C.K., D.R., A.B., S.S.), Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I (W.B., J.W., E.B., S.F.), IFB CHFC Wuerzburg (X.L., W.B., E.B., S.F., S.S.), and Department of Experimental Physics 5 (V.H., P.J.), University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volker","family":"Herold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Nuclear Medicine (X.L., I.I., M.C.K., D.R., A.B., S.S.), Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I (W.B., J.W., E.B., S.F.), IFB CHFC Wuerzburg (X.L., W.B., E.B., S.F., S.S.), and Department of Experimental Physics 5 (V.H., P.J.), University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Jakob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Nuclear Medicine (X.L., I.I., M.C.K., D.R., A.B., S.S.), Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I (W.B., J.W., E.B., S.F.), IFB CHFC Wuerzburg (X.L., W.B., E.B., S.F., S.S.), and Department of Experimental Physics 5 (V.H., P.J.), University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Buck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Nuclear Medicine (X.L., I.I., M.C.K., D.R., A.B., S.S.), Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I (W.B., J.W., E.B., S.F.), IFB CHFC Wuerzburg (X.L., W.B., E.B., S.F., S.S.), and Department of Experimental Physics 5 (V.H., P.J.), University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Frantz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Nuclear Medicine (X.L., I.I., M.C.K., D.R., A.B., S.S.), Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I (W.B., J.W., E.B., S.F.), IFB CHFC Wuerzburg (X.L., W.B., E.B., S.F., S.S.), and Department of Experimental Physics 5 (V.H., P.J.), University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Samnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Nuclear Medicine (X.L., I.I., M.C.K., D.R., A.B., S.S.), Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I (W.B., J.W., E.B., S.F.), IFB CHFC Wuerzburg (X.L., W.B., E.B., S.F., S.S.), and Department of Experimental Physics 5 (V.H., P.J.), University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, 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