{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T04:00:34Z","timestamp":1772164834962,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ATVB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neovascularization and vaso-obliteration are vision-threatening events that develop by interactions between retinal vascular and glial cells. A high-salt diet is causal in cardiovascular and renal disease, which is linked to modulation of the renin\u2013angiotensin\u2013aldosterone system. However, it is not known whether dietary salt influences retinal vasculopathy and if the renin\u2013angiotensin\u2013aldosterone system is involved. We examined whether a low-salt (LS) diet influenced vascular and glial cell injury and the renin\u2013angiotensin\u2013aldosterone system in ischemic retinopathy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Approach and Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were fed LS (0.03% NaCl) or normal salt (0.3% NaCl) diets, and ischemic retinopathy was induced in the offspring. An LS diet reduced retinal neovascularization and vaso-obliteration, the mRNA and protein levels of the angiogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor, and erythropoietin. Microglia, which influence vascular remodeling in ischemic retinopathy, were reduced by LS as was tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1. Macroglial M\u00fcller cells maintain the integrity of the blood\u2013retinal barrier, and in ischemic retinopathy, LS reduced their gliosis and also vascular leakage. In retina, LS reduced mineralocorticoid receptor, angiotensin type 1 receptor, and renin mRNA levels, whereas, as expected, plasma levels of aldosterone and renin were increased. The aldosterone\/mineralocorticoid receptor\u2013sensitive epithelial sodium channel alpha (ENaC\u03b1), which is expressed in M\u00fcller cells, was increased in ischemic retinopathy and reduced by LS. In cultured M\u00fcller cells, high salt increased ENaC\u03b1, which was prevented by mineralocorticoid receptor and angiotensin type 1 receptor blockade. Conversely, LS reduced ENaC\u03b1, angiotensin type 1 receptor, and mineralocorticoid receptor expression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An LS diet reduced retinal vasculopathy, by modulating glial cell function and the retinal renin\u2013angiotensin\u2013aldosterone system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.114.303792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,11]],"date-time":"2014-07-11T02:10:37Z","timestamp":1405044637000},"page":"2033-2041","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Retinal Vasculopathy Is Reduced by Dietary Salt Restriction"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Devy","family":"Deliyanti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Immunology, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (D.D., R.A., W.A.F., A.A., J.L.W.-B.); and Prosearch International, Malvern, Victoria, Australia (D.C.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roksana","family":"Armani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Immunology, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (D.D., R.A., W.A.F., A.A., J.L.W.-B.); and Prosearch International, Malvern, Victoria, Australia (D.C.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Casely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Immunology, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (D.D., R.A., W.A.F., A.A., J.L.W.-B.); and Prosearch International, Malvern, Victoria, Australia (D.C.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William A.","family":"Figgett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Immunology, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (D.D., R.A., W.A.F., A.A., J.L.W.-B.); and Prosearch International, Malvern, Victoria, Australia (D.C.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Agrotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Immunology, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (D.D., R.A., W.A.F., A.A., J.L.W.-B.); and Prosearch International, Malvern, Victoria, Australia (D.C.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Wilkinson-Berka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Immunology, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (D.D., R.A., W.A.F., A.A., J.L.W.-B.); and Prosearch International, Malvern, Victoria, Australia (D.C.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e318279acbf"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.113.001559"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192666"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-10-0458"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-98-6-1343"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111575"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.49.3.751"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2012.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61412-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI61427"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.36.6.1099"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.108.176008"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","first-page":"1450","article-title":"Renin-containing M\u00fcller cells of the retina display endocrine features.","volume":"36","author":"Berka JL","year":"1995","unstructured":"Berka JL, Stubbs AJ, Wang DZ, DiNicolantonio R, Alcorn D, Campbell DJ, Skinner SL. 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