{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T11:42:27Z","timestamp":1791200547988,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ATVB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a newly discovered subset of immune cells that promote tissue homeostasis and protect against pathogens. ILCs produce cytokines also produced by T lymphocytes that have been shown to affect atherosclerosis, but the influence of ILCs on atherosclerosis has not been explored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Approach and Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We demonstrate that CD25\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      ILCs that produce type 2 cytokines (ILC2s) are present in the aorta of atherosclerotic immunodeficient\n                      <jats:italic>ldlr<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>\n                        <jats:italic>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>rag1<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>\n                        <jats:italic>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sup>\n                      mice. To investigate the role of ILCs in atherosclerosis,\n                      <jats:italic>ldlr<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>\n                        <jats:italic>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>rag1<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>\n                        <jats:italic>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sup>\n                      mice were concurrently fed an atherogenic diet and treated with either ILC-depleting anti-CD90.2 antibodies or IL-2\/anti-IL-2 complexes that expand CD25\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      ILCs. Lesion development was not affected by anti-CD90.2 treatment, but was reduced in IL-2\/anti\u2013IL-2-treated mice. These IL-2-treated mice had reduced very low\u2013density lipoprotein cholesterol and increased triglycerides compared with controls and reduced apolipoprotein B100 gene expression in the liver. IL-2\/anti-IL-2 treatment caused expansion of ILC2s in aorta and other tissues, elevated levels of IL-5, systemic eosinophila, and hepatic eosinophilic inflammation. Blockade of IL-5 reversed the IL-2 complex\u2013induced eosinophilia but did not change lesion size.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrates that expansion of CD25-expressing ILCs by IL-2\/anti-IL-2 complexes leads to a reduction in very low\u2013density lipoprotein cholesterol and atherosclerosis. Global depletion of ILCs by anti-CD90.2 did not significantly affect lesion size indicating that different ILC subsets may have divergent effects on atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.115.306048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,22]],"date-time":"2015-10-22T23:30:10Z","timestamp":1445556610000},"page":"2526-2535","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Expansion of CD25\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    Innate Lymphoid Cells Reduces Atherosclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Engelbertsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Pathology (D.E., A.C.F., N.A.-G., F.K., T.C., P.J., N.G., A.H.L.) and Surgery (J.A.L.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda C.","family":"Foks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Pathology (D.E., A.C.F., N.A.-G., F.K., T.C., P.J., N.G., A.H.L.) and Surgery (J.A.L.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noah","family":"Alberts-Grill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Pathology (D.E., A.C.F., N.A.-G., F.K., T.C., P.J., N.G., A.H.L.) and Surgery (J.A.L.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felicia","family":"Kuperwaser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Pathology (D.E., A.C.F., N.A.-G., F.K., T.C., P.J., N.G., A.H.L.) and Surgery (J.A.L.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Pathology (D.E., A.C.F., N.A.-G., F.K., T.C., P.J., N.G., A.H.L.) and Surgery (J.A.L.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"Lederer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Pathology (D.E., A.C.F., N.A.-G., F.K., T.C., P.J., N.G., A.H.L.) and Surgery (J.A.L.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petr","family":"Jarolim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Pathology (D.E., A.C.F., N.A.-G., F.K., T.C., P.J., N.G., A.H.L.) and Surgery (J.A.L.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nir","family":"Grabie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Pathology (D.E., A.C.F., N.A.-G., F.K., T.C., P.J., N.G., A.H.L.) and Surgery (J.A.L.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew H.","family":"Lichtman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Pathology (D.E., A.C.F., N.A.-G., F.K., T.C., P.J., N.G., A.H.L.) and Surgery (J.A.L.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 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