{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T06:17:46Z","timestamp":1783145866425,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ATVB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objectives\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To prospectively examine the association of plasma \u03b3\u2032 fibrinogen with the incidence of multiple cardiovascular disease (CVD) end points, independent of established CVD risk factors, total fibrinogen, and other inflammatory markers.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Approach and Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study measured \u03b3\u2032 fibrinogen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in stored plasma samples from 1993 to 1995 and related levels in 10 601 adults to incident CVD end points (coronary heart disease [n=1603], ischemic stroke [n=548], peripheral artery disease [n=599], heart failure [n=1411], and CVD mortality [n=705]) through 2012 (median follow-up, 18 years). In Cox models accounting for established CVD risk factors and total fibrinogen levels, \u03b3\u2032 fibrinogen was associated positively with peripheral artery disease (hazard ratio [HR] per 1-SD [8.80 mg\/dL] increment, 1.14 [1.04\u20131.24]), heart failure (HR, 1.06 [1.01\u20131.13]), and CVD deaths (HR, 1.12 [1.04\u20131.21]) but not with incident coronary heart disease (HR, 1.01 [0.96\u20131.07]) or ischemic stroke (HR, 0.98 [0.89\u20131.07]). Additional adjustment for C-reactive protein, however, eliminated the associations with peripheral artery disease and heart failure.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>These findings do not lend support to the hypothesis that \u03b3\u2032 fibrinogen influences CVD events through its prothrombotic properties. Rather, \u03b3\u2032 fibrinogen concentrations seem to reflect general inflammation that accompanies and may contribute to atherosclerotic CVD, instead of \u03b3\u2032 fibrinogen being a causal risk factor.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.115.306284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,23]],"date-time":"2015-10-23T03:30:10Z","timestamp":1445571010000},"page":"2700-2706","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Association of Plasma \u03b3\u2032 Fibrinogen With Incident Cardiovascular Disease"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Duke","family":"Appiah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela J.","family":"Schreiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard F.","family":"MacLehose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron R.","family":"Folsom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","first-page":"1799","article-title":"Plasma fibrinogen level and the risk of major cardiovascular diseases and nonvascular mortality: an individual participant meta-analysis.","volume":"294","author":"Danesh J","year":"2005","unstructured":"Danesh J, Lewington S, Thompson SG, et al.; Fibrinogen Studies Collaboration. 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