{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:53:39Z","timestamp":1787018019130,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ATVB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gallstone disease has been related to cardiovascular risk factors; however, whether presence of gallstones predicts coronary heart disease (CHD) is not well established.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Approach and Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We followed up 269\u2009142 participants who were free of cancer and cardiovascular disease at baseline from 3 US cohorts: the Nurses\u2019 Health Study (112\u2009520 women; 1980\u20132010), Nurses\u2019 Health Study II (112\u2009919 women; 1989\u20132011), and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (43\u2009703 men; 1986\u20132010) and documented 21\u2009265 incident CHD cases. After adjustment for potential confounders, the hazard ratio for the participants with a history of gallstone disease compared with those without was 1.15 (95% confidence interval, 1.10\u22121.21) in Nurses\u2019 Health Study, 1.33 (95% confidence interval, 1.17\u22121.51) in Nurses\u2019 Health Study II, and 1.11 (95% confidence interval, 1.04\u22121.20) in Health Professionals Follow-up Study. The associations seemed to be stronger in individuals who were not obese, not diabetic, or were normotensive, compared with their counterparts. We identified 4 published prospective studies by searching PUBMED and EMBASE up to October 2015, coupled with our 3 cohorts, involving 842\u2009553 participants and 51\u2009123 incident CHD cases. The results from meta-analysis revealed that a history of gallstone disease was associated with a 23% (15%\u201333%) increased CHD risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings support that a history of gallstone disease is associated with increased CHD risk, independently of traditional risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.116.307507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,18]],"date-time":"2016-08-18T23:18:55Z","timestamp":1471562335000},"page":"1997-2003","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Gallstones and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Nutrition (Y.Z., M.X., Y.L., A.H., E.B.R., F.B.H., L.Q.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.B.R., F.B.H., J.E.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (M.X.); Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Nutrition (Y.Z., M.X., Y.L., A.H., E.B.R., F.B.H., L.Q.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.B.R., F.B.H., J.E.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (M.X.); Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Nutrition (Y.Z., M.X., Y.L., A.H., E.B.R., F.B.H., L.Q.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.B.R., F.B.H., J.E.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (M.X.); Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adela","family":"Hruby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Nutrition (Y.Z., M.X., Y.L., A.H., E.B.R., F.B.H., L.Q.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.B.R., F.B.H., J.E.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (M.X.); Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric B.","family":"Rimm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Nutrition (Y.Z., M.X., Y.L., A.H., E.B.R., F.B.H., L.Q.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.B.R., F.B.H., J.E.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (M.X.); Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank B.","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Nutrition (Y.Z., M.X., Y.L., A.H., E.B.R., F.B.H., L.Q.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.B.R., F.B.H., J.E.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (M.X.); Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janine","family":"Wirth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Nutrition (Y.Z., M.X., Y.L., A.H., E.B.R., F.B.H., L.Q.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.B.R., F.B.H., J.E.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (M.X.); Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine M.","family":"Albert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Nutrition (Y.Z., M.X., Y.L., A.H., E.B.R., F.B.H., L.Q.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.B.R., F.B.H., J.E.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (M.X.); Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn M.","family":"Rexrode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Nutrition (Y.Z., M.X., Y.L., A.H., E.B.R., F.B.H., L.Q.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.B.R., F.B.H., J.E.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (M.X.); Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JoAnn E.","family":"Manson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Nutrition (Y.Z., M.X., Y.L., A.H., E.B.R., F.B.H., L.Q.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.B.R., F.B.H., J.E.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (M.X.); Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Nutrition (Y.Z., M.X., Y.L., A.H., E.B.R., F.B.H., L.Q.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.B.R., F.B.H., J.E.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (M.X.); Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69044-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0096(199901)27:1<1::AID-JCU1>3.0.CO;2-H"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26563"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp411"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i31.4215"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/356761"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115961"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.21216"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-14-669"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09922"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht467"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1109400"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X10388682"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3145"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113978"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487313512218"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076448"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.41214.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2007.01632.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.115.306043"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.10.060"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.04.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)31490-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.26736Q"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2011.629995"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840040806"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)91800-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.115.306339"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909093411101"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.22.2106"}],"container-title":["Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/ATVBAHA.116.307507","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T19:01:47Z","timestamp":1715540507000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/ATVBAHA.116.307507"}},"subtitle":["Prospective Analysis of 270\u2009000 Men and Women From 3 US Cohorts and Meta-Analysis"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/ATVBAHA.116.307507"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/atvbaha.116.307507","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.726655001.793550804","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1079-5642","1524-4636"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1079-5642","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4636","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-03-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-06-23","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-08-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}