{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T14:00:40Z","timestamp":1788616840606,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ATVB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>N-terminal pro-B\u2013type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a marker of cardiac dysfunction and has been linked to various indices of large vessel disease. However, it remains unclear whether NT-proBNP also relates to microvascular damage. In a community-dwelling population, we studied the association between NT-proBNP and retinal microvascular damage.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Approach and Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>From the population-based Rotterdam Study, we included 8437 participants (mean age 64.1 years and 59% women) without a history of cardiovascular disease, with NT-proBNP data and gradable retinal images. NT-proBNP serum levels were measured using an immunoassay. Retinopathy signs, that is, exudates, microaneurysms, cotton wool spots, and dot\/blot hemorrhages, present on fundus photographs were graded in the total study population; retinal vascular calibers, that is, arteriolar and venular calibers, were semiautomatically measured in a subsample (n=2763) of the study population. We conducted cross-sectional analyses on the association between NT-proBNP and retinal microvascular damage using logistic and linear regression models, adjusting for age, sex, and cardiovascular risk factors. We found that NT-proBNP was associated with the presence of retinopathy (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval] per SD increase in natural log-transformed NT-proBNP: 1.14 [1.03\u20131.27]). We also found that higher NT-proBNP was associated with narrower arteriolar calibers (adjusted mean difference in arteriolar caliber per SD increase in natural log-transformed NT-proBNP: \u22120.89 \u00b5m [\u22121.54 to \u22120.24]). This association remained unchanged after excluding participants with retinopathy signs.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In participants free of clinical cardiovascular disease, higher levels of NT-proBNP are associated with retinal microvascular damage, suggesting a potential role for NT-proBNP as marker for small vessel disease.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.116.307545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,24]],"date-time":"2016-06-24T03:04:14Z","timestamp":1466737454000},"page":"1698-1702","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["N-Terminal Pro-B\u2013Type Natriuretic Peptide Is Related to Retinal Microvascular Damage"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Unal","family":"Mutlu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Epidemiology (U.M., M.A.I., A.H., C.C.W.K., M.K.I.), Ophthalmology (U.M., C.C.W.K.), Radiology (M.A.I.), and Neurology (M.A.I., M.K.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (A.H.); Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.T.V.M.d.J.); Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (P.T.V..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Arfan","family":"Ikram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Epidemiology (U.M., M.A.I., A.H., C.C.W.K., M.K.I.), Ophthalmology (U.M., C.C.W.K.), Radiology (M.A.I.), and Neurology (M.A.I., M.K.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (A.H.); Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.T.V.M.d.J.); Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (P.T.V..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Hofman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Epidemiology (U.M., M.A.I., A.H., C.C.W.K., M.K.I.), Ophthalmology (U.M., C.C.W.K.), Radiology (M.A.I.), and Neurology (M.A.I., M.K.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (A.H.); Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.T.V.M.d.J.); Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (P.T.V..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulus T.V.M.","family":"de Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Epidemiology (U.M., M.A.I., A.H., C.C.W.K., M.K.I.), Ophthalmology (U.M., C.C.W.K.), Radiology (M.A.I.), and Neurology (M.A.I., M.K.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (A.H.); Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.T.V.M.d.J.); Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (P.T.V..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline C.W.","family":"Klaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Epidemiology (U.M., M.A.I., A.H., C.C.W.K., M.K.I.), Ophthalmology (U.M., C.C.W.K.), Radiology (M.A.I.), and Neurology (M.A.I., M.K.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (A.H.); Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.T.V.M.d.J.); Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (P.T.V..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Kamran","family":"Ikram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Epidemiology (U.M., M.A.I., A.H., C.C.W.K., M.K.I.), Ophthalmology (U.M., C.C.W.K.), Radiology (M.A.I.), and Neurology (M.A.I., M.K.I.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (A.H.); Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.T.V.M.d.J.); Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (P.T.V..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.979500"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13976-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2005.071233"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7141.2008.08578.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.191874"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi236"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000060533.79248.0C"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907272"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.108.054478"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht513"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008010012"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2005.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06619"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.108.784876"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000103681.04726.9C"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.12.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2005.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12633"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa042330"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000170140.36633.8f"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.001128"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2003.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199807303390507"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00593-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200203000-00025"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.9.1153"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-6-200909150-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpv026"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000129305.25115.80"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.88.1.57"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldh050"}],"container-title":["Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/ATVBAHA.116.307545","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T16:13:40Z","timestamp":1738944820000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/ATVBAHA.116.307545"}},"subtitle":["The Rotterdam Study"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/ATVBAHA.116.307545"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/atvbaha.116.307545","relation":{},"ISSN":["1079-5642","1524-4636"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1079-5642","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4636","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-03-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-06-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-06-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}