{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T09:47:06Z","timestamp":1789811226094,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ATVB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reasons for variations in atherosclerotic burden among individuals with similar levels of obesity are poorly understood, especially in African Americans. This study examines whether high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is useful for discriminating between benign and high-risk obesity phenotypes for subclinical atherosclerosis in African Americans.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Approach and Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants from the Jackson Heart Study (n=4682) were stratified into 4 phenotypes based on the presence of National Heart and Lung and Blood Institute definition of obesity or obesity-equivalent (body mass index \u226530 or body mass index 25\u201330 with waist circumference &gt;102 cm in men and &gt;88 cm in women) and inflammation by hsCRP \u22652 mg\/L. Using multivariate regression models, we conducted cross-sectional analyses of the association between inflammatory obesity phenotypes and subclinical atherosclerosis determined by carotid intima\u2013media thickness or coronary artery calcium scores. Sex-specific analyses were conducted given significant interaction for gender (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.03). The prevalence of obesity or equivalent was 65%, of which 30% did not have inflammation. Conversely, 37% of nonobese individuals had inflammation. Among nonobese men, hsCRP \u22652 mg\/L identified a subset of individuals with higher carotid intima\u2013media thickness (adjusted mean difference =0.05, 95% confidence interval 0.02, 0.08 mm) compared with their noninflammatory counterparts. Among obese men, hsCRP &lt;2 mg\/L identified a subset of individuals with lower coronary artery calcium compared with their inflammatory counterparts. Among women, associations between hsCRP and carotid intima\u2013media thickness or coronary artery calcium were not found.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the largest African American population-based cohort to date, hsCRP was useful in identifying a subset of nonobese men with higher carotid intima\u2013media thickness, but not in women. hsCRP did not identify a subset of obese individuals with less subclinical atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.116.307728","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,17]],"date-time":"2016-11-17T23:30:21Z","timestamp":1479425421000},"page":"2431-2438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Inflammatory Obesity Phenotypes, Gender Effects, and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in African Americans"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Albert","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Center of Innovation Long Term Services and Supports (LTSS), Veterans Affairs Hospital, Providence, RI (A.L., M.E.L., W.-C.W.); Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (A.L., W.-C.W.); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.E.L., W.-C.W.); Center for Primary Care and Prevention, Department of Family Medicine, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, Pawtucket (C.E.); and Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (A.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary E.","family":"Lacy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Center of Innovation Long Term Services and Supports (LTSS), Veterans Affairs Hospital, Providence, RI (A.L., M.E.L., W.-C.W.); Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (A.L., W.-C.W.); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.E.L., W.-C.W.); Center for Primary Care and Prevention, Department of Family Medicine, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, Pawtucket (C.E.); and Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (A.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Eaton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Center of Innovation Long Term Services and Supports (LTSS), Veterans Affairs Hospital, Providence, RI (A.L., M.E.L., W.-C.W.); Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (A.L., W.-C.W.); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.E.L., W.-C.W.); Center for Primary Care and Prevention, Department of Family Medicine, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, Pawtucket (C.E.); and Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (A.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adolfo","family":"Correa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Center of Innovation Long Term Services and Supports (LTSS), Veterans Affairs Hospital, Providence, RI (A.L., M.E.L., W.-C.W.); Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (A.L., W.-C.W.); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.E.L., W.-C.W.); Center for Primary Care and Prevention, Department of Family Medicine, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, Pawtucket (C.E.); and Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (A.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Chih","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Center of Innovation Long Term Services and Supports (LTSS), Veterans Affairs Hospital, Providence, RI (A.L., M.E.L., W.-C.W.); Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (A.L., W.-C.W.); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.E.L., W.-C.W.); Center for Primary Care and Prevention, Department of Family Medicine, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, Pawtucket (C.E.); and Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (A.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.2014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","volume-title":"National Diabetes Fact Sheet: National Estimates and General Information on Diabetes and Prediabetes in the United States","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2011","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Diabetes Fact Sheet: National Estimates and General Information on Diabetes and Prediabetes in the United States. Atlanta, GA: Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2011. Accessed February 15, 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e31823ac046"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000350"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0482"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2008.11.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2003.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0807646"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.04.051"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2011.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-11-51"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.111.223768"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.04.050"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1107477"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","first-page":"2351","article-title":"The influence of age, sex, and race on the upper reference limit of serum C-reactive protein concentration.","volume":"27","author":"Wener MH","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wener MH, Daum PR, McQuillan GM. The influence of age, sex, and race on the upper reference limit of serum C-reactive protein concentration. J Rheumatol. 2000;27:2351\u20132359.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a008733"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2004.11.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.7.713"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2008.7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2008.0835"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040967"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2006.12.041"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2008.05.039"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-008-8150-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2006.07.070"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.508135"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03530440051036"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.110.208181"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000110786.02097.0c"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm091"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2008.04.045"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.575241"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000092327.60858.4A"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.489260"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-006-9197-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(97)00059-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901073400103"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","first-page":"1100","article-title":"[Association between the intima-media thickness of the common carotid and subsequent cardiovascular events in subjects, 55 years and older, in the Rotterdam study (ERGO)].","volume":"142","author":"Bots ML","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bots ML, Hoes AW, Koudstaal PJ, Hofman A, Witteman JC, Grobbee DE. [Association between the intima-media thickness of the common carotid and subsequent cardiovascular events in subjects, 55 years and older, in the Rotterdam study (ERGO)]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1998;142:1100\u20131103.","journal-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.05.071"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.10.079"}],"container-title":["Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/ATVBAHA.116.307728","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T18:00:39Z","timestamp":1761156039000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/ATVBAHA.116.307728"}},"subtitle":["The Jackson Heart Study"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/ATVBAHA.116.307728"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/atvbaha.116.307728","relation":{},"ISSN":["1079-5642","1524-4636"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1079-5642","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4636","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-06-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-07-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-11-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}