{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T14:08:36Z","timestamp":1789826916247,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ATVB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To determine the effect of probucol on urine albumin excretion in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with albuminuria using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Approach and Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              This was a 16-week, phase II, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with a urinary albumin\/creatinine ratio of \u2265300 mg\/g using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, conducted in 17 tertiary referral hospitals. Eligible patients were randomized to probucol 250 mg\/d (n=44), probucol 500 mg\/d (n=41), and placebo (n=41) groups in a ratio of 1:1:1 after block randomization procedures, keeping the treatment assignment blinded to the investigators, patients, and study assistants. The primary end point was change in the geometric mean of urinary albumin\/creatinine ratio from baseline to week 16 (\n              <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"www.ClinicalTrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n              identifier NCT01726816). The study was started on November 8, 2012, and completed on March 24, 2014. The least squares mean change\u00b1SE from baseline in urinary albumin\/creatinine ratio at week 16 was \u22127.2\u00b1639.5 mg\/g in the probucol 250 mg\/d group (n=43;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.2077 versus placebo group), 9.3\u00b1587.4 mg\/g in the probucol 500 mg\/d group (n=40;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.1975 versus placebo group), and 259.0\u00b1969.1 mg\/g in the placebo group (n=41). Although the majority of subjects were on statins, probucol treatment significantly lowered total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. QT prolongation occurred in one and two subjects in control and probucol 250 mg\/d groups, respectively.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Four months of probucol up to 500 mg\/d failed to reduce urinary albumin excretion.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.116.308034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,5]],"date-time":"2016-08-05T03:24:27Z","timestamp":1470367467000},"page":"2108-2114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Probucol in Albuminuric Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients on Renin\u2013Angiotensin System Blockade"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Sang-Man","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.-M.J., M.-K.L.); Diabetes Center, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.A.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym Medical University, Seoul, Korea (J.M.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (T.S.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung Ah","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.-M.J., M.-K.L.); Diabetes Center, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.A.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym Medical University, Seoul, Korea (J.M.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (T.S.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Myung","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.-M.J., M.-K.L.); Diabetes Center, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.A.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym Medical University, Seoul, Korea (J.M.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (T.S.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae Seo","family":"Sohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.-M.J., M.-K.L.); Diabetes Center, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.A.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym Medical University, Seoul, Korea (J.M.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (T.S.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Hee","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.-M.J., M.-K.L.); Diabetes Center, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.A.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym Medical University, Seoul, Korea (J.M.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (T.S.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Choon Hee","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.-M.J., M.-K.L.); Diabetes Center, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.A.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym Medical University, Seoul, Korea (J.M.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (T.S.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ie Byung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.-M.J., M.-K.L.); Diabetes Center, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.A.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym Medical University, Seoul, Korea (J.M.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (T.S.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Jung","family":"Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.-M.J., M.-K.L.); Diabetes Center, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.A.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym Medical University, Seoul, Korea (J.M.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (T.S.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sei Hyun","family":"Baik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.-M.J., M.-K.L.); Diabetes Center, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.A.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym Medical University, Seoul, Korea (J.M.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (T.S.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae Sun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.-M.J., M.-K.L.); Diabetes Center, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.A.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym Medical University, Seoul, Korea (J.M.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (T.S.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In-Kyu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.-M.J., M.-K.L.); Diabetes Center, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.A.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym Medical University, Seoul, Korea (J.M.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (T.S.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung-Hyun","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.-M.J., M.-K.L.); Diabetes Center, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.A.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym Medical University, Seoul, Korea (J.M.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (T.S.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"You-Cheol","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.-M.J., M.-K.L.); Diabetes Center, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.A.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym Medical University, Seoul, Korea (J.M.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (T.S.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bong Soo","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.-M.J., M.-K.L.); Diabetes Center, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.A.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym Medical University, Seoul, Korea (J.M.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (T.S.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyoung Woo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.-M.J., M.-K.L.); 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