{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T21:28:13Z","timestamp":1790630893830,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ATVB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) patients have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease despite high levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Apolipoprotein M (apoM) and its ligand sphingosine 1-phospate (S1P) exert many of the anti-inflammatory effects of HDL. We investigated whether apoM and S1P are altered in T1D and whether apoM and S1P are important for HDL functionality in T1D.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Approach and Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              ApoM and S1P were quantified in plasma from 42 healthy controls and 89 T1D patients. HDL was isolated from plasma and separated into dense, medium-dense, and light HDL by ultracentrifugation. Primary human aortic endothelial cells were challenged with tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 in the presence or absence of isolated HDL. Proinflammatory adhesion molecules E-selectin and vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 were quantified by flow cytometry. Activation of the S1P\n              <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n              - receptor was evaluated by analyzing downstream signaling targets and receptor internalization. There were no differences in plasma levels of apoM and S1P between controls and T1D patients, but the apoM\/S1P complexes were shifted from dense to light HDL particles in T1D. ApoM\/S1P in light HDL particles from women were less efficient in inhibiting expression of vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 than apoM\/S1P in denser particles. The light HDL particles were unable to activate Akt, whereas all HDL subfractions were equally efficient in activating Erk and receptor internalization.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>ApoM\/S1P in light HDL particles were inefficient in inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1\u2013induced vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in contrast to apoM\/S1P in denser HDL particles. T1D patients have a higher proportion of light particles and hence more dysfunctional HDL, which could contribute to the increased cardiovascular disease risk associated with T1D.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.117.309275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,7]],"date-time":"2017-04-07T02:26:22Z","timestamp":1491531982000},"page":"1194-1205","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["A Shift in ApoM\/S1P Between HDL-Particles in Women With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated With Impaired Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the ApoM\/S1P Complex"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Frej","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malm\u00f6, Sweden (C.F., M.R., B.D.); Health Science Center, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis (T.A.H.); and Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes and Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (A.J.M., M.C., R.B.G.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armando J.","family":"Mendez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malm\u00f6, Sweden (C.F., M.R., B.D.); Health Science Center, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis (T.A.H.); and Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes and Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (A.J.M., M.C., R.B.G.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malm\u00f6, Sweden (C.F., M.R., B.D.); Health Science Center, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis (T.A.H.); and Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes and Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (A.J.M., M.C., R.B.G.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malm\u00f6, Sweden (C.F., M.R., B.D.); Health Science Center, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis (T.A.H.); and Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes and Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (A.J.M., M.C., R.B.G.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas A.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malm\u00f6, Sweden (C.F., M.R., B.D.); Health Science Center, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis (T.A.H.); and Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes and Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (A.J.M., M.C., R.B.G.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Dahlb\u00e4ck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malm\u00f6, Sweden (C.F., M.R., B.D.); Health Science Center, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis (T.A.H.); and Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes and Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (A.J.M., M.C., R.B.G.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald B.","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the 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