{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T02:15:18Z","timestamp":1791598518355,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ATVB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality in people with HIV since the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy. Despite recent advances in our understanding of HIV ASCVD, controversy still exists on whether this increased risk of ASCVD is due to chronic HIV infection or other risk factors. Mounting biomarker studies indicate a role of monocyte\/macrophage activation in HIV ASCVD; however, little is known about the mechanisms through which HIV infection mediates monocyte\/macrophage activation in such a way as to engender accelerated atherogenesis. Here, we experimentally investigated whether HIV expression is sufficient to accelerate atherosclerosis and evaluated the role of caspase-1 activation in monocytes\/macrophages in HIV ASCVD.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Approach and Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              We crossed a well-characterized HIV mouse model,\n              <jats:italic>Tg26<\/jats:italic>\n              mice, which transgenically expresses HIV-1, with\n              <jats:italic>ApoE<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n              mice to promote atherogenic conditions (\n              <jats:italic>Tg26<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sup>+\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n              \/\n              <jats:italic>ApoE<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n              ).\n              <jats:italic>Tg26<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sup>+\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n              <jats:italic>\/ApoE<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n              have accelerated atherosclerosis with increased caspase-1 pathway activation in inflammatory monocytes and atherosclerotic vasculature compared with\n              <jats:italic>ApoE<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n              . Using a well-characterized cohort of people with HIV and tissue-banked aortic plaques, we documented that serum IL (interleukin)-18 was higher in people with HIV compared with non\u2013HIV-infected controls, and in patients with plaques, IL-18 levels correlated with monocyte\/macrophage activation markers and noncalcified inflammatory plaques. In autopsy-derived aortic plaques, caspase-1+ cells and CD (clusters of differentiation) 163+ macrophages correlated.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              These data demonstrate that expression of HIV is sufficient to accelerate atherogenesis. Further, it highlights the importance of caspase-1 and monocyte\/macrophage activation in HIV atherogenesis and the potential of\n              <jats:italic>Tg26<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sup>+\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n              <jats:italic>\/ApoE<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n              as a tool for mechanistic studies of HIV ASCVD.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.119.312603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,18]],"date-time":"2019-07-18T09:00:24Z","timestamp":1563440424000},"page":"1762-1775","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Caspase-1 Activation Is Related With HIV-Associated Atherosclerosis in an HIV Transgenic Mouse Model and HIV Patient Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Alison C.","family":"Kearns","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C.K., F.L., S.D., J.A.R., E.K., X.P., J.G., T.H.B., X.Q.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C.K., F.L., S.D., J.A.R., E.K., X.P., J.G., T.H.B., X.Q.)"},{"name":"Division of Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA (F.L., X.Q.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shen","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C.K., F.L., S.D., J.A.R., E.K., X.P., J.G., T.H.B., X.Q.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jake A.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C.K., F.L., S.D., J.A.R., E.K., X.P., J.G., T.H.B., X.Q.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Kiernan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C.K., F.L., S.D., J.A.R., E.K., X.P., J.G., T.H.B., X.Q.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lediya","family":"Tesfaye Cheru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Nutritional Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Mass General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (L.T.C., J.L., M.V.Z., S.K.G.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C.K., F.L., S.D., J.A.R., E.K., X.P., J.G., T.H.B., X.Q.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C.K., F.L., S.D., J.A.R., E.K., X.P., J.G., T.H.B., X.Q.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Morgello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology (S.M., A.A.), Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY."},{"name":"Neuroscience (S.M., A.A.), Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY."},{"name":"Pathology (S.M., A.A.), Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aishazhan","family":"Abuova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology 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IL-1beta inhibition significantly reduces atherosclerotic inflammation in treated HIV. In: Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI). February 13-16 2017 Seattle. Abstract 126."}],"container-title":["Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/ATVBAHA.119.312603","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T23:09:32Z","timestamp":1715555372000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/ATVBAHA.119.312603"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/ATVBAHA.119.312603"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/atvbaha.119.312603","relation":{},"ISSN":["1079-5642","1524-4636"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1079-5642","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4636","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-05-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-06-19","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-07-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}