{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T06:44:02Z","timestamp":1789541042030,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ATVB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Plant stanol ester supplementation (2\u20133 g plant stanols\/d) reduces plasma LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol concentration by 9% to 12% and is, therefore, recommended as part of prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In addition to plasma LDL-cholesterol concentration, also qualitative properties of LDL particles can influence atherogenesis. However, the effect of plant stanol ester consumption on the proatherogenic properties of LDL has not been studied.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Approach and Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Study subjects (n=90) were randomized to consume either a plant stanol ester-enriched spread (3.0 g plant stanols\/d) or the same spread without added plant stanol esters for 6 months. Blood samples were taken at baseline and after the intervention. The aggregation susceptibility of LDL particles was analyzed by inducing aggregation of isolated LDL and following aggregate formation. LDL lipidome was determined by mass spectrometry. Binding of serum lipoproteins to proteoglycans was measured using a microtiter well-based assay. LDL aggregation susceptibility was decreased in the plant stanol ester group, and the median aggregate size after incubation for 2 hours decreased from 1490 to 620 nm,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.001. Plant stanol ester-induced decrease in LDL aggregation was more extensive in participants having body mass index&lt;25 kg\/m\n              <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n              . Decreased LDL aggregation susceptibility was associated with decreased proportion of LDL-sphingomyelins and increased proportion of LDL-triacylglycerols. LDL binding to proteoglycans was decreased in the plant stanol ester group, the decrease depending on decreased serum LDL-cholesterol concentration.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Consumption of plant stanol esters decreases the aggregation susceptibility of LDL particles by modifying LDL lipidome. The resulting improvement of LDL quality may be beneficial for cardiovascular health.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Registration:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              URL:\n              <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\">https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n              . Unique identifier: NCT01315964.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.120.314329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]],"date-time":"2020-07-02T09:01:22Z","timestamp":1593680482000},"page":"2310-2321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Plant Stanol Esters Reduce LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) Aggregation by Altering LDL Surface Lipids"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"40","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct01315964","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Maija","family":"Ruuth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (M.R., L.\u00c4., F.T.-S., P.T.K., K.\u00d6.)"},{"name":"Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine (M.R.), University of Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauri","family":"\u00c4ik\u00e4s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (M.R., L.\u00c4., F.T.-S., P.T.K., K.\u00d6.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feven","family":"Tigistu-Sahle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (M.R., L.\u00c4., F.T.-S., P.T.K., K.\u00d6.)"},{"name":"Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences (F.T.-S., R.K., K.\u00d6.), University of Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Ethiopian Biotechnology Institute, Addis Ababa (F.T.-S.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reijo","family":"K\u00e4kel\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences (F.T.-S., R.K., K.\u00d6.), University of Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit (HiLIPID), Helsinki Institute for Life Sciences (HiLIFE) and Biocenter Finland (R.K.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harri","family":"Lindholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (H.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piia","family":"Simonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helsinki University Central Hospital, Heart and Lung Center, Cardiology (P.S., H.G.), University of Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petri T.","family":"Kovanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (M.R., L.\u00c4., F.T.-S., P.T.K., K.\u00d6.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Gylling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helsinki University Central Hospital, Heart and Lung Center, Cardiology (P.S., H.G.), University of Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9525-0250","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Katariina","family":"\u00d6\u00f6rni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (M.R., L.\u00c4., F.T.-S., P.T.K., K.\u00d6.)"},{"name":"Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences (F.T.-S., R.K., K.\u00d6.), University of Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2017.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.09.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.13985"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"2019 ESC\/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk.","volume":"00","author":"Mach F","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mach, F, Baigent, C, Catapano, AL, et al. 2019 ESC\/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. 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