{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:09:17Z","timestamp":1791929357629,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ATVB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The full spectrum of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection ranges from asymptomatic to acute respiratory distress syndrome, characterized by hyperinflammation and thrombotic microangiopathy. The pathogenic mechanisms are poorly understood, but emerging evidence suggest that excessive neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation plays a key role in COVID-19 disease progression. Here, we evaluate if circulating markers of NETs are associated with COVID-19 disease severity and clinical outcome, as well as to markers of inflammation and in vivo coagulation and fibrinolysis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Approach and Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>One hundred six patients with COVID-19 with moderate to severe disease were enrolled shortly after hospital admission and followed for 4 months. Acute and convalescent plasma samples as well as plasma samples from 30 healthy individuals were assessed for markers of NET formation: citrullinated histone H3, cell-free DNA, NE (neutrophil elastase). We found that all plasma levels of NET markers were elevated in patients with COVID-19 relative to healthy controls, that they were associated with respiratory support requirement and short-term mortality, and declined to those found in healthy individuals 4 months post-infection. The levels of the NET markers also correlated with white blood cells, neutrophils, inflammatory cytokines, and C-reactive protein, as well as to markers of in vivo coagulation, fibrinolysis, and endothelial damage.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Our findings suggest a role of NETs in COVID-19 disease progression, implicating their contribution to an immunothrombotic state. Further, we observed an association between circulating markers of NET formation and clinical outcome, demonstrating a potential role of NET markers in clinical decision-making, as well as for NETs as targets for novel therapeutic interventions in COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.120.315267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]],"date-time":"2020-12-03T10:05:41Z","timestamp":1606989941000},"page":"988-994","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":182,"title":["Circulating Markers of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Are of Prognostic Value in Patients With COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2873-9088","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Henry","family":"Ng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, SciLifeLab, Sweden (H.N., K.P., M.P.)."},{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (H.N., S.H., A.R., K.A., C.T.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1671-8183","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Havervall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (H.N., S.H., A.R., K.A., C.T.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6280-0562","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Axel","family":"Rosell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (H.N., S.H., A.R., K.A., C.T.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherina","family":"Aguilera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (H.N., S.H., A.R., K.A., C.T.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1238-9338","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kristel","family":"Parv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, SciLifeLab, Sweden (H.N., K.P., M.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0274-2414","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fien A.","family":"von Meijenfeldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands (F.A.v.M., T.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3503-7140","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ton","family":"Lisman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands (F.A.v.M., T.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9170-7700","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nigel","family":"Mackman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, UNC Blood Research Center (N.M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1345-6491","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Charlotte","family":"Th\u00e5lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical 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Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/ATVBAHA.120.315267","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T23:52:48Z","timestamp":1715557968000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/ATVBAHA.120.315267"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/ATVBAHA.120.315267"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/atvbaha.120.315267","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1161\/ATV.0000000000000144","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1079-5642","1524-4636"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1079-5642","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4636","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-09-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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