{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T05:32:17Z","timestamp":1777095137195,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ATVB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic condition causing premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). It is well established that patients with FH should be treated with statin therapy. However, there exists discordance concerning low-density lipoprotein cholesterol\u2013lowering goals in the management of these patients between different guidelines worldwide. The objective was to compare the 10-year ASCVD risk of different subgroups of patients with and without FH including those with diabetes or a history of ASCVD and patients with FH within different FH-Risk-Score categories.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This multinational observational study used data from 3 different prospective cohorts. A total of 3383 FH and 6917 non-FH controls matched for age and sex were included (104 363 person-years of follow-up). The 10-year incident ASCVD risk was assessed using Kaplan-Meier estimates, whereas the relative risk was estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              FH patients with a high (score &gt;20%) FH-Risk-Score (hazard ratio, 8.45 [95% CI, 6.69\u201310.67];\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.0001), FH patients with diabetes (hazard ratio, 7.67 [95% CI, 4.82\u201312.21];\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.0001), and non-FH patients with ASCVD (hazard ratio, 6.78 [95% CI, 5.45\u20138.42];\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.0001) had a significantly higher incident ASCVD risk over 10 years than the reference group (non-FH without ASCVD or diabetes). The observed 10-year risks in these groups were 32.1%, 30.8%, 30.0%, and 5.1%, respectively. The 10-year ASCVD risk associated with both FH and ASCVD was extremely high (observed risk of 50.7%; hazard ratio, 14.53 [95% CI, 12.14\u201317.38];\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.0001).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study strongly suggests that the observed risk of FH patients with diabetes, history of ASCVD, and FH-Risk-Score &gt;20% is as high or higher than non-FH individuals with a history of ASCVD. More aggressive management should be recommended for these patients.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.123.319957","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T10:00:24Z","timestamp":1701338424000},"page":"505-512","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Increased FH-Risk-Score and Diabetes Are Cardiovascular Risk Equivalents in Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7555-1275","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Martine","family":"Paquette","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lipids, Nutrition, and Cardiovascular Prevention Clinic of the Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada (M.P., S. Bernard, A.B.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1580-8040","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bertrand","family":"Cariou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nantes Universit\u00e9, CHU (Centre hospitalier universitaire) Nantes, CNRS (Centre national de la recherche scientifique), INSERM (L\u2019Institut national de la sant\u00e9 et de la recherche m\u00e9dicale), L\u2019institut Du Thorax, France (B.C.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5913-1852","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sophie","family":"Bernard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lipids, Nutrition, and Cardiovascular Prevention Clinic of the Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada (M.P., S. Bernard, A.B.)."},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Universit\u00e9 de Montreal, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada (S. Bernard)."},{"name":"Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada (S. Bernard)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2861-5325","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robert A.","family":"Hegele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (R.A.H.), Schulich School of Medicine &amp; Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry (R.A.H.), Schulich School of Medicine &amp; Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Robarts Research Institute (R.A.H.), Schulich School of Medicine &amp; Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8887-994X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Antonio","family":"Gallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, INSERM UMR1166, Lipidology and Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, Department of Nutrition, AP-HP (L\u2019Assistance publique \u2013 h\u00f4pitaux de Paris), H\u00f4pital Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00e8tri\u00eare, Paris, France (A.G.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2248-9663","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jacques","family":"Genest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada (J.G.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8447-2897","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mark","family":"Trinder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation (M.T., L.R.B.)"},{"name":"Department of Medicine (M.T., L.R.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3686-3807","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Liam R.","family":"Brunham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation (M.T., L.R.B.)"},{"name":"Department of Medicine (M.T., L.R.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"B\u00e9liard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INRAE (l\u2019Institut national de recherche pour l\u2019agriculture, l\u2019alimentation et l\u2019environnement), C2VN (Centre de recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition), Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, Endocrinology, La Conception Hospital, France (S. B\u00e9liard)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9534-1657","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexis","family":"Baass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lipids, Nutrition, and Cardiovascular Prevention Clinic of the Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada (M.P., S. 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