{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:23:50Z","timestamp":1787318630540,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ATVB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vascular calcification causes significant morbidity and occurs frequently in diseases of calcium\/phosphate imbalance. Radiolabeled sodium fluoride positron emission tomography\/computed tomography has emerged as a sensitive and specific method for detecting and quantifying active microcalcifications. We developed a novel technique to quantify and map total vasculature microcalcification to a common space, allowing simultaneous assessment of global disease burden and precise tracking of site-specific microcalcifications across time and individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To develop this technique, 4 patients with hyperphosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis, a monogenic disorder of FGF23 (fibroblast growth factor-23) deficiency with a high prevalence of vascular calcification, underwent radiolabeled sodium fluoride positron emission tomography\/computed tomography imaging. One patient received serial imaging 1 year after treatment with an IL-1 (interleukin-1) antagonist. A radiolabeled sodium fluoride\u2013based microcalcification score, as well as calcification volume, was computed at all perpendicular slices, which were then mapped onto a standardized vascular atlas. Segment-wise mCS\n                      <jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>\n                      and mCS\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      were computed to compare microcalcification score levels at predefined vascular segments within subjects.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with hyperphosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis had notable peaks in microcalcification score near the aortic bifurcation and distal femoral arteries, compared with a control subject who had uniform distribution of vascular radiolabeled sodium fluoride uptake. This technique also identified microcalcification in a 17-year-old patient, who had no computed tomography\u2013defined calcification. This technique could not only detect a decrease in microcalcification score throughout the patient treated with an IL-1 antagonist but it also identified anatomic areas that had increased responsiveness while there was no change in computed tomography\u2013defined macrocalcification after treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This technique affords the ability to visualize spatial patterns of the active microcalcification process in the peripheral vasculature. Further, this technique affords the ability to track microcalcifications at precise locations not only across time but also across subjects. This technique is readily adaptable to other diseases of vascular calcification and may represent a significant advance in the field of vascular biology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.123.320455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T05:01:14Z","timestamp":1714021274000},"page":"1432-1446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Spatial Atlas for Mapping Vascular Microcalcification Using 18F-NaF PET\/CT: Application in Hyperphosphatemic Familial Tumoral Calcinosis"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6958-7834","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aaron J.","family":"Sheppard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research (A.J.S., E.H.T., S.S.P., N.M.W., I.R.H., R.I.G., K.L.R., M.T.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD."},{"name":"Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, School of Medicine (A.J.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6530-9920","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elizabeth H.","family":"Theng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research (A.J.S., E.H.T., S.S.P., N.M.W., I.R.H., R.I.G., K.L.R., M.T.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD."},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, CA (E.H.T.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8471-8970","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sriram S.","family":"Paravastu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research (A.J.S., E.H.T., S.S.P., N.M.W., I.R.H., R.I.G., K.L.R., M.T.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD."},{"name":"University of Missouri \u2013 Kansas City School of Medicine (S.S.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5193-8451","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Natalia M.","family":"Wojnowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research (A.J.S., E.H.T., S.S.P., N.M.W., I.R.H., R.I.G., K.L.R., M.T.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD."},{"name":"Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (N.M.W.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faraz","family":"Farhadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center (F.F., B.S.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD."},{"name":"Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth, Hanover, NH (F.F.)."},{"name":"Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Bethesda, MD (F.F., M.A.M., B.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9555-904X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael A.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Bethesda, MD (F.F., M.A.M., B.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1029-3284","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Iris R.","family":"Hartley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research (A.J.S., E.H.T., S.S.P., N.M.W., I.R.H., R.I.G., K.L.R., M.T.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7970-3491","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rachel I.","family":"Gafni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research (A.J.S., E.H.T., S.S.P., N.M.W., I.R.H., R.I.G., K.L.R., M.T.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0284-5299","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kelly L.","family":"Roszko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research (A.J.S., E.H.T., S.S.P., N.M.W., I.R.H., R.I.G., K.L.R., M.T.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3676-7644","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael T.","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research (A.J.S., E.H.T., S.S.P., N.M.W., I.R.H., R.I.G., K.L.R., M.T.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8632-6292","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Babak","family":"Saboury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center (F.F., B.S.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD."},{"name":"Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Bethesda, MD (F.F., M.A.M., B.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2018.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2010.115"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5414\/cnp63146"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-013-9712-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8495"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1308814110"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.120.313609"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.121.316075"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpet.2018.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2214862"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3738"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008070692"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.118.007835"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.04.046"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2020.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-019-04590-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12350-020-02446-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.11.041"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-016-3552-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.111.087452"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2008.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00040.2021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-020-01615-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00293"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2870"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","unstructured":"Ramnitz MS Gafni RI Collins MT. Hyperphosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis. In: Adam MP Feldman J Mirzaa GM et al eds. GeneReviews. February 1 2018 [Internet]. University of Washington Seattle; 1993\u20132024. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK476672\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfu324"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MNM.0000000000000734"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","unstructured":"bwskel. MathWorks. Accessed August 11 2023. 2018. https:\/\/www.mathworks.com\/help\/images\/ref\/bwskel.html?s_tid=mwa_osa_a"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","unstructured":"resample. MathWorks. Accessed August 11 2023. 2006. https:\/\/www.mathworks.com\/help\/signal\/ref\/resample.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000110786.02097.0c"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1995.75.3.519"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.atv.5.3.293"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02944354"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2016.162"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2273020299"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TRPMS.2020.2980443"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2022.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.55.7.481"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.122.322128"}],"container-title":["Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/ATVBAHA.123.320455","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T15:11:15Z","timestamp":1748531475000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/ATVBAHA.123.320455"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/ATVBAHA.123.320455"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/atvbaha.123.320455","relation":{},"ISSN":["1079-5642","1524-4636"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1079-5642","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4636","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-12-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}