{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T22:18:47Z","timestamp":1790288327640,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ATVB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Flavonoids may play a role in mitigating atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, with evidence suggesting effects may differ between vascular beds. Studies examining associations with subclinical markers of atherosclerosis between subpopulations with different underlying risks of atherosclerosis are lacking.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Among 5599 participants from the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis), associations between dietary flavonoid intakes (estimated from a food frequency questionnaire) and subclinical measures of atherosclerosis (ankle-brachial index, carotid plaques and intima-media thickness, and coronary artery calcification) were examined using repeated measures models. Exposures and outcomes were measured at exam 1 (2000\u20132002) and exam 5 (2010\u20132011). Stratified analyses and interaction terms were used to explore effect modification by time, sex, race\/ethnicity, and smoking status.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In the analytic population, at baseline, \u224846% were men with a median age of 62 (interquartile range, 53\u201370) years and total flavonoid intakes of 182 (interquartile range, 98\u2013308) mg\/d. After multivariable adjustments, participants with the highest (quartile 4) versus lowest (quartile 1) total flavonoid intakes had 26% lower odds of having an ankle-brachial index &lt;1 (odds ratio, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.60\u20130.92]) and 18% lower odds of having a carotid plaque (odds ratio, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.69\u20130.99]), averaged over exams 1 and 5. Moderate (quartile 3) to high (quartile 4) intakes of flavonols, flavanol monomers, and anthocyanins were associated with 19% to 34% lower odds of having an ankle-brachial index &lt;1 and 18% to 20% lower odds of having carotid plaque. Participants with the highest intakes of anthocyanins (quartile 4) at baseline had a marginally slower rate of carotid plaque progression than those with moderate intakes (quartiles 2 and 3). There were no significant associations with intima-media thickness or coronary artery calcification. Observed associations did not differ by sex, race\/ethnicity, or smoking status.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In this multi-ethnic population, higher dietary flavonoid intakes were associated with lower odds of peripheral and carotid artery atherosclerosis. Increasing intakes of healthy, flavonoid-rich foods may protect against atherosclerosis in the peripheral and carotid arteries.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.124.321106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T09:22:12Z","timestamp":1726132932000},"page":"2347-2359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Associations Between Flavonoid Intake and Subclinical Atherosclerosis: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Nicola P.","family":"Bondonno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition &amp; Health Innovation Research Institute, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Australia (N.P.B., B.H.P., C.P.B., L.C.B., J.R.L., J.M.H.)."},{"name":"Diet Cancer and Health Group, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark (N.P.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9166-618X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Benjamin H.","family":"Parmenter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition &amp; Health Innovation Research Institute, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Australia (N.P.B., B.H.P., C.P.B., L.C.B., J.R.L., J.M.H.)."},{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Australia (B.H.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8856-6046","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kevin","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population and Global Health (K.M.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8509-439X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Catherine P.","family":"Bondonno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition &amp; Health Innovation Research Institute, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Australia (N.P.B., B.H.P., C.P.B., L.C.B., J.R.L., J.M.H.)."},{"name":"Medical School (C.P.B., L.C.B., J.R.L., J.M.H.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1561-9052","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lauren C.","family":"Blekkenhorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition &amp; Health Innovation Research Institute, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Australia (N.P.B., B.H.P., C.P.B., L.C.B., J.R.L., J.M.H.)."},{"name":"Medical School (C.P.B., L.C.B., J.R.L., J.M.H.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7616-2119","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexis C.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, USDA\/ARS Children\u2019s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.C.W.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8655-5204","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wendy S.","family":"Post","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (W.S.P.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD."},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health (W.S.P.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0777-8272","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matthew A.","family":"Allison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, University of California San Diego (M.A.A., M.H.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0425-9661","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael H.","family":"Criqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, University of California San Diego (M.A.A., M.H.C.)."},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego (M.H.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1003-8443","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joshua R.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition &amp; 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