{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T03:49:44Z","timestamp":1794368984124,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ATVB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating disease characterized by obliterative vascular remodeling and persistent increase of vascular resistance, leading to right heart failure and premature death. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms will help develop novel therapeutic approaches for patients with PAH. Recent studies showed that FABP (fatty acid\u2013binding protein) 4 and FABP5 are expressed in endothelial cells (ECs) across multiple tissues, and circulating FABP4 level is elevated in patients with PAH. However, the role of endothelial FABP4\/5 in the pathogenesis of PAH remains undetermined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      FABP4\/5 expression was examined in pulmonary arterial ECs and lung tissues from patients with idiopathic PAH and pulmonary hypertension (PH) rat models. Plasma proteome analysis was performed in human PAH samples. Echocardiography, hemodynamics, histology, and immunostaining were performed to evaluate the lung and heart PH phenotypes in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Egln1<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Tie2Cre<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sup>\n                      (CKO) mice and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Egln1<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Tie2Cre<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\/Fabp4\/5<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sup>\n                      (TKO) mice. Bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), single-cell RNA sequencing analysis, and spatial transcriptomic analysis were performed to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of endothelial FABP4\/5\u2013mediated PAH pathogenesis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both FABP4 and FABP5 were highly induced in ECs of CKO mice and pulmonary arterial ECs from patients with idiopathic PAH (IPAH) and in whole lungs of PH rats. Plasma levels of FABP4\/5 were upregulated in patients with IPAH and directly correlated with severity of hemodynamics and biochemical parameters. Genetic deletion of both\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Fabp4<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Fabp5<\/jats:italic>\n                      in CKO mice caused a reduction of right ventricular systolic pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy, attenuated pulmonary vascular remodeling, and prevented the right heart failure secondary to PH. FABP4\/5 deletion also normalized EC glycolysis and distal arterial programming, reduced reactive oxygen species and HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor)-2\u03b1 expression, and decreased aberrant EC proliferation in CKO lungs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PH causes aberrant expression of FABP4\/5 in pulmonary ECs, which leads to enhanced EC glycolysis and distal arterial programming, contributing to the accumulation of arterial ECs and vascular remodeling and exacerbating the disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.124.321173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T05:01:00Z","timestamp":1747890060000},"page":"1145-1165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptomics Identified Fatty Acid\u2013Binding Proteins Controlling Endothelial Glycolytic and Arterial Programming in Pulmonary Hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0467-3678","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bin","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep (B.L., D.Y., S.L., K.R., X.X., Y.C., H.Z., A.T., K.S.K., Z.D.), College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix."},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine (B.L., D.Y., S.L., K.R., X.X., Y.C., H.Z., A.T., M.K., C.C.G., K.S.K., M.B.F., Z.D.), College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix."},{"name":"Translational Cardiovascular Research Center (B.L., D.Y., C.C.G., Z.D.), College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix."},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO (B.L., A.T., Z.D.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2614-5027","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dan","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep (B.L., D.Y., S.L., K.R., X.X., Y.C., H.Z., A.T., K.S.K., Z.D.), College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix."},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine (B.L., D.Y., S.L., K.R., X.X., Y.C., H.Z., A.T., M.K., C.C.G., K.S.K., M.B.F., Z.D.), College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix."},{"name":"Translational Cardiovascular Research Center (B.L., D.Y., C.C.G., Z.D.), College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4898-6473","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shuai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep (B.L., D.Y., S.L., K.R., X.X., Y.C., H.Z., A.T., K.S.K., Z.D.), College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix."},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine (B.L., D.Y., S.L., K.R., X.X., Y.C., H.Z., A.T., M.K., C.C.G., K.S.K., M.B.F., Z.D.), College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix."},{"name":"Now with GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, China (S.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5982-2138","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Karina","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep (B.L., D.Y., S.L., K.R., X.X., Y.C., H.Z., A.T., K.S.K., Z.D.), College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix."},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine (B.L., D.Y., S.L., K.R., X.X., Y.C., H.Z., A.T., M.K., C.C.G., K.S.K., M.B.F., Z.D.), College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of 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