{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T13:43:31Z","timestamp":1788961411093,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ATVB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Mononuclear phagocytes contribute to pathological angiogenesis in age-related macular degeneration, a leading worldwide cause of visual impairment. However, the mechanisms that orchestrate the functions of mononuclear phagocytes remain poorly understood. TREM2 (triggering receptor on myeloid cells 2) has been shown to be crucial for the activation of mononuclear phagocytes in atherosclerosis, fatty liver disease, and Alzheimer disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of TREM2 in pathological angiogenesis in age-related macular degeneration.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              C57BL\/6J and\n              <jats:italic>Trem2<\/jats:italic>\n              knockout mice were subjected to laser-induced choroidal neovascularization, a model of choroidal neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Purified bovine sulfatide and agonist anti-TREM2 antibody was used to activate TREM2 signaling. The expression of TREM2 or downstream signals were assessed with immunohistochemistry or real-time quantitative PCR. In vitro murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells were used to investigate the direct impact of sulfatide on inflammatory and phagocytic responses.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We found that pharmacological activation of TREM2 suppressed laser-induced choroidal neovessel formation. The activation of TREM2 in mononuclear phagocytes suppressed TNF (tumor necrosis factor) and subsequently promoted phagocytosis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>These findings demonstrate that activation of TREM2 in mononuclear phagocytes suppresses the proinflammatory response, promotes phagocytosis, and impedes choroidal neovessel formation. Our study provides insight into the critical role of TREM2 in pathological angiogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.124.321809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T09:03:36Z","timestamp":1743066216000},"page":"769-777","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Choroidal Neovascularization Is Suppressed With Activation of TREM2 in Mononuclear Phagocytes\u2014Brief Report"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5199-1970","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hitomi","family":"Yagi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA (H.Y., M.B., K. Neilsen, J.Y., M.K., Y.T., Z.F., Y.S., L.E.H.S.)."},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.Y., Y.T., K. Negishi)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myriam","family":"Boeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA (H.Y., M.B., K. Neilsen, J.Y., M.K., Y.T., Z.F., Y.S., L.E.H.S.)."},{"name":"Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany (M.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4996-9380","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Katherine","family":"Neilsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA (H.Y., M.B., K. 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