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Multiple inflammatory cytokines regulate the development and subsequent resolution of DVT. One family of cytokines involved in DVT and venous thrombus resolution is the TGF-\u03b2 (transforming growth factor-\u03b2) family. A comprehensive understanding of the control of venous thrombus formation and resolution by the TGF-\u03b2 family could lead to the development of novel treatments for DVT that target \u22651 of the TGF-\u03b2 isoforms. The aim of this review is to describe studies of the roles of the TGF-\u03b2 isoforms in venous thrombus formation and resolution and to highlight opportunities for future research. TGF-\u03b2 isoforms include TGF-\u03b21, TGF-\u03b22, and TGF-\u03b23. TGF-\u03b21 has a well-characterized role in the positive regulation of venous thrombus formation and the negative regulation of venous thrombus resolution. Further research is necessary, however, to understand the potential roles of TGF-\u03b22 and TGF-\u03b23 in venous thrombus formation and resolution. Given that TGF-\u03b21 expression increases during venous thrombosis and that inhibition or knockdown of TGF-\u03b21 reduces thrombus burden, TGF-\u03b21 represents a potential diagnostic marker for DVT and a putative target for therapies that aim to prevent or treat DVT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.124.322395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T09:12:47Z","timestamp":1742461967000},"page":"643-653","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Transforming Growth Factors in Venous Thrombus Formation and Resolution"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5627-1550","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Davis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Translational Research Center (J.D., C.E.E.), University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 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