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The proposed mechanisms driving the formation of nascent HDL particles, varying in size and in the number of APOA1 and lipid molecules they contain, are described. Subsequent remodeling in the plasma compartment produces HDL subspecies with distinct sets of associated proteins. The role of differently sized HDL particles in promoting reverse cholesterol transport by the ABCA1 pathway is relatively well understood. However, additional research is needed to confirm the clinical significance of this pathway. It is also important to determine how, and whether, the antioxidative, immunologic, and anti-inflammatory properties of HDL subspecies, including those containing low-abundance proteins, contribute to cardioprotection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.125.318266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T09:00:23Z","timestamp":1774515623000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["ABCA1-Mediated Structural Diversity of HDL Subspecies and Their Proposed Roles in Cardioprotection"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5246-0007","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jay W.","family":"Heinecke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (J.W.H.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0676-7996","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jere P.","family":"Segrest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (J.P.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7147-8007","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael C.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.C.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2756-2989","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"W. 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