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However, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes, and adverse pregnancy outcomes are significantly associated with increased incident PAD. Further work is needed to improve the mechanistic understanding of associations between sex-specific risk factors and PAD. In addition, increased clinician awareness may facilitate earlier risk factor detection and preventative strategies. In future, integrating reproductive history into cardiovascular risk assessment may enable more personalized care and ultimately reduce PAD burden among women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.125.323040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T10:00:19Z","timestamp":1763632819000},"page":"97-104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sex and Reproductive History as Nontraditional Risk Factors for PAD"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0713-4947","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jessie","family":"Shea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular and Genomics Division, City St George\u2019s University of London, United Kingdom (J.S., T.G., A.L.P.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Calvin","family":"De 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