{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T09:50:19Z","timestamp":1791453019256,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ATVB"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rapid dietary transitions in sub-Saharan Africa may alter coagulation profiles; however, this remains poorly characterized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An open-label dietary-intervention trial in Tanzania enrolled 77 healthy men aged 20 to 40 years. They underwent 1 of 3 interventions (n=22 per arm): heritage-to-Western-style diet switch (2 weeks), Western-to-heritage diet switch (2 weeks), or continued their habitual Western-style diet with daily consumption of 1 L of a traditional fermented banana-millet beverage (Mbege) for 1 week. The 2 diet-switch arms had 5 habitual-diet controls each, while the Mbege arm had no parallel control group. Plasma was collected at baseline, postintervention, and 4-week follow-up. We quantified plasma coagulation proteins and assessed thrombin and plasmin generation. Coagulation analyses were prespecified secondary end points but are interpreted as exploratory because no formal coagulation outcome hierarchy was prespecified.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In control-adjusted analyses, the heritage-to-Western-style diet switch was associated with higher endogenous thrombin potential at 5 pM recombinant tissue factor postintervention compared with baseline (fold-change ratio, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.01\u20131.41]; nominal\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.037). Prothrombin increased within the heritage-to-Western intervention arm (98.0%\u2013104.5%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>FDR<\/jats:sub>\n                      =0.027), but not relative to habitual-diet controls (fold-change ratio, 1.05 [95% CI, 0.93\u20131.18];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.443). In the uncontrolled Mbege arm, fibrinogen, prothrombin, FVIII (factor VIII), and antithrombin decreased, while endogenous thrombin potential at 1 pM recombinant tissue factor increased. The Western-style-to-heritage diet switch showed limited consistent changes in coagulation readouts.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Short-term dietary westernization was associated with higher control-adjusted endogenous thrombin potential at 5 pM recombinant tissue factor, while the within-arm increase in prothrombin did not remain significant relative to controls. The uncontrolled Mbege arm showed a distinct pattern, with lower plasma concentrations of several coagulation proteins but higher endogenous thrombin potential at 1 pM recombinant tissue factor. These findings suggest that short-term dietary exposures may influence thrombin generation. However, given the small control groups, uncontrolled Mbege arm, and nonisocaloric design, these results are exploratory and require confirmation in larger controlled studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>REGISTRATION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      URL:\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.isrctn.com\/ISRCTN15619939?\">https:\/\/www.isrctn.com\/ISRCTN15619939?<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ; Unique identifier: ISRCTN15619939.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.126.325420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T09:01:22Z","timestamp":1791450082000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Short-Term Dietary Exposures and Thrombin Generation in Tanzanian Men: Exploratory Coagulation-Focused Analysis of a Randomized Dietary-Switch Trial"],"prefix":"10.1161","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"isrctn15619939","registry":"10.18810\/isrctn"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2120-7963","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eka Patricia","family":"Kisali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation (RIMI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (E.P.K., M.G.N., G.S.T., Q.d.M.)."},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania (E.P.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Roest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tal","family":"Pecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life &amp; Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Germany (T.P.)."},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (T.P.)."},{"name":"Systems Medicine, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (T.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"De Simone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6120-3985","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vesla I.","family":"Kullaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, Moshi, Tanzania (V.I.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2934-1696","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mary Vincent","family":"Mosha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7680-8651","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Philip de","family":"Groot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9147-5295","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Reginald A.","family":"Kavishe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihai G.","family":"Netea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute 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